ArgumentError:未知密钥::条件。 有效密钥为:: class_name,:class,:foreign_key

在尝试rake:db migrate之后,我在终端中遇到了这个错误

rake aborted! ArgumentError: Unknown key: :conditions. Valid keys are: :class_name, :class, :foreign_key, :validate, :autosave, :table_name, :before_add, :after_add, :before_remove, :after_remove, :extend, :primary_key, :dependent, :as, :through, :source, :source_type, :inverse_of, :counter_cache, :join_table, :foreign_type /app/models/user.rb:8:in `' /app/models/user.rb:1:in `' /config/routes.rb:24:in `block in ' /config/routes.rb:1:in `' /config/environment.rb:5:in `' Tasks: TOP => db:migrate => environment (See full trace by running task with --trace) 

当我运行rails s时,这是我在终端中遇到的错误

 Exiting /usr/local/lib/ruby/gems/2.2.0/gems/activesupport-4.2.0/lib/active_support/core_ext/hash/keys.rb:75:in `block in assert_valid_keys': Unknown key: :conditions. Valid keys are: :class_name, :class, :foreign_key, :validate, :autosave, :table_name, :before_add, :after_add, :before_remove, :after_remove, :extend, :primary_key, :dependent, :as, :through, :source, :source_type, :inverse_of, :counter_cache, :join_table, :foreign_type (ArgumentError) from /usr/local/lib/ruby/gems/2.2.0/gems/activesupport-4.2.0/lib/active_support/core_ext/hash/keys.rb:73:in `each_key' from /usr/local/lib/ruby/gems/2.2.0/gems/activesupport-4.2.0/lib/active_support/core_ext/hash/keys.rb:73:in `assert_valid_keys' from /usr/local/lib/ruby/gems/2.2.0/gems/activerecord-4.2.0/lib/active_record/associations/builder/association.rb:82:in `validate_options' from /usr/local/lib/ruby/gems/2.2.0/gems/activerecord-4.2.0/lib/active_record/associations/builder/association.rb:62:in `initialize' from /usr/local/lib/ruby/gems/2.2.0/gems/activerecord-4.2.0/lib/active_record/associations/builder/collection_association.rb:18:in `initialize' from /usr/local/lib/ruby/gems/2.2.0/gems/activerecord-4.2.0/lib/active_record/associations/builder/association.rb:47:in `new' from /usr/local/lib/ruby/gems/2.2.0/gems/activerecord-4.2.0/lib/active_record/associations/builder/association.rb:47:in `create_builder' from /usr/local/lib/ruby/gems/2.2.0/gems/activerecord-4.2.0/lib/active_record/associations/builder/association.rb:35:in `build' from /usr/local/lib/ruby/gems/2.2.0/gems/activerecord-4.2.0/lib/active_record/associations.rb:1258:in `has_many' from /app/models/user.rb:6:in `' from /app/models/user.rb:1:in `' from /usr/local/lib/ruby/gems/2.2.0/gems/activesupport-4.2.0/lib/active_support/dependencies.rb:457:in `load' from /usr/local/lib/ruby/gems/2.2.0/gems/activesupport-4.2.0/lib/active_support/dependencies.rb:457:in `block in load_file' from /usr/local/lib/ruby/gems/2.2.0/gems/activesupport-4.2.0/lib/active_support/dependencies.rb:647:in `new_constants_in' from /usr/local/lib/ruby/gems/2.2.0/gems/activesupport-4.2.0/lib/active_support/dependencies.rb:456:in `load_file' from /usr/local/lib/ruby/gems/2.2.0/gems/activesupport-4.2.0/lib/active_support/dependencies.rb:354:in `require_or_load' from /usr/local/lib/ruby/gems/2.2.0/gems/activesupport-4.2.0/lib/active_support/dependencies.rb:494:in `load_missing_constant' from /usr/local/lib/ruby/gems/2.2.0/gems/activesupport-4.2.0/lib/active_support/dependencies.rb:184:in `const_missing' from /usr/local/lib/ruby/gems/2.2.0/gems/activesupport-4.2.0/lib/active_support/inflector/methods.rb:261:in `const_get' from /usr/local/lib/ruby/gems/2.2.0/gems/activesupport-4.2.0/lib/active_support/inflector/methods.rb:261:in `block in constantize' from /usr/local/lib/ruby/gems/2.2.0/gems/activesupport-4.2.0/lib/active_support/inflector/methods.rb:259:in `each' from /usr/local/lib/ruby/gems/2.2.0/gems/activesupport-4.2.0/lib/active_support/inflector/methods.rb:259:in `inject' from /usr/local/lib/ruby/gems/2.2.0/gems/activesupport-4.2.0/lib/active_support/inflector/methods.rb:259:in `constantize' from /usr/local/lib/ruby/gems/2.2.0/gems/activesupport-4.2.0/lib/active_support/dependencies.rb:566:in `get' from /usr/local/lib/ruby/gems/2.2.0/gems/activesupport-4.2.0/lib/active_support/dependencies.rb:597:in `constantize' from /usr/local/lib/ruby/gems/2.2.0/gems/devise-3.4.1/lib/devise.rb:302:in `get' from /usr/local/lib/ruby/gems/2.2.0/gems/devise-3.4.1/lib/devise/mapping.rb:80:in `to' from /usr/local/lib/ruby/gems/2.2.0/gems/devise-3.4.1/lib/devise/mapping.rb:75:in `modules' from /usr/local/lib/ruby/gems/2.2.0/gems/devise-3.4.1/lib/devise/mapping.rb:92:in `routes' from /usr/local/lib/ruby/gems/2.2.0/gems/devise-3.4.1/lib/devise/mapping.rb:159:in `default_used_route' from /usr/local/lib/ruby/gems/2.2.0/gems/devise-3.4.1/lib/devise/mapping.rb:69:in `initialize' from /usr/local/lib/ruby/gems/2.2.0/gems/devise-3.4.1/lib/devise.rb:336:in `new' from /usr/local/lib/ruby/gems/2.2.0/gems/devise-3.4.1/lib/devise.rb:336:in `add_mapping' from /usr/local/lib/ruby/gems/2.2.0/gems/devise-3.4.1/lib/devise/rails/routes.rb:224:in `block in devise_for' from /usr/local/lib/ruby/gems/2.2.0/gems/devise-3.4.1/lib/devise/rails/routes.rb:223:in `each' from /usr/local/lib/ruby/gems/2.2.0/gems/devise-3.4.1/lib/devise/rails/routes.rb:223:in `devise_for' from /config/routes.rb:24:in `block in ' from /usr/local/lib/ruby/gems/2.2.0/gems/actionpack-4.2.0/lib/action_dispatch/routing/route_set.rb:423:in `instance_exec' from /usr/local/lib/ruby/gems/2.2.0/gems/actionpack-4.2.0/lib/action_dispatch/routing/route_set.rb:423:in `eval_block' from /usr/local/lib/ruby/gems/2.2.0/gems/actionpack-4.2.0/lib/action_dispatch/routing/route_set.rb:401:in `draw' from /config/routes.rb:1:in `' from /usr/local/lib/ruby/gems/2.2.0/gems/activesupport-4.2.0/lib/active_support/dependencies.rb:268:in `load' from /usr/local/lib/ruby/gems/2.2.0/gems/activesupport-4.2.0/lib/active_support/dependencies.rb:268:in `block in load' from /usr/local/lib/ruby/gems/2.2.0/gems/activesupport-4.2.0/lib/active_support/dependencies.rb:240:in `load_dependency' from /usr/local/lib/ruby/gems/2.2.0/gems/activesupport-4.2.0/lib/active_support/dependencies.rb:268:in `load' from /usr/local/lib/ruby/gems/2.2.0/gems/railties-4.2.0/lib/rails/application/routes_reloader.rb:40:in `block in load_paths' from /usr/local/lib/ruby/gems/2.2.0/gems/railties-4.2.0/lib/rails/application/routes_reloader.rb:40:in `each' from /usr/local/lib/ruby/gems/2.2.0/gems/railties-4.2.0/lib/rails/application/routes_reloader.rb:40:in `load_paths' from /usr/local/lib/ruby/gems/2.2.0/gems/railties-4.2.0/lib/rails/application/routes_reloader.rb:16:in `reload!' from /usr/local/lib/ruby/gems/2.2.0/gems/railties-4.2.0/lib/rails/application/routes_reloader.rb:26:in `block in updater' from /usr/local/lib/ruby/gems/2.2.0/gems/activesupport-4.2.0/lib/active_support/file_update_checker.rb:75:in `call' from /usr/local/lib/ruby/gems/2.2.0/gems/activesupport-4.2.0/lib/active_support/file_update_checker.rb:75:in `execute' from /usr/local/lib/ruby/gems/2.2.0/gems/railties-4.2.0/lib/rails/application/routes_reloader.rb:27:in `updater' from /usr/local/lib/ruby/gems/2.2.0/gems/railties-4.2.0/lib/rails/application/routes_reloader.rb:7:in `execute_if_updated' from /usr/local/lib/ruby/gems/2.2.0/gems/railties-4.2.0/lib/rails/application/finisher.rb:69:in `block in ' from /usr/local/lib/ruby/gems/2.2.0/gems/railties-4.2.0/lib/rails/initializable.rb:30:in `instance_exec' from /usr/local/lib/ruby/gems/2.2.0/gems/railties-4.2.0/lib/rails/initializable.rb:30:in `run' from /usr/local/lib/ruby/gems/2.2.0/gems/railties-4.2.0/lib/rails/initializable.rb:55:in `block in run_initializers' from /usr/local/lib/ruby/2.2.0/tsort.rb:226:in `block in tsort_each' from /usr/local/lib/ruby/2.2.0/tsort.rb:348:in `block (2 levels) in each_strongly_connected_component' from /usr/local/lib/ruby/2.2.0/tsort.rb:429:in `each_strongly_connected_component_from' from /usr/local/lib/ruby/2.2.0/tsort.rb:347:in `block in each_strongly_connected_component' from /usr/local/lib/ruby/2.2.0/tsort.rb:345:in `each' from /usr/local/lib/ruby/2.2.0/tsort.rb:345:in `call' from /usr/local/lib/ruby/2.2.0/tsort.rb:345:in `each_strongly_connected_component' from /usr/local/lib/ruby/2.2.0/tsort.rb:224:in `tsort_each' from /usr/local/lib/ruby/2.2.0/tsort.rb:203:in `tsort_each' from /usr/local/lib/ruby/gems/2.2.0/gems/railties-4.2.0/lib/rails/initializable.rb:54:in `run_initializers' from /usr/local/lib/ruby/gems/2.2.0/gems/railties-4.2.0/lib/rails/application.rb:352:in `initialize!' from /config/environment.rb:5:in `' from /usr/local/lib/ruby/gems/2.2.0/gems/activesupport-4.2.0/lib/active_support/dependencies.rb:274:in `require' from /usr/local/lib/ruby/gems/2.2.0/gems/activesupport-4.2.0/lib/active_support/dependencies.rb:274:in `block in require' from /usr/local/lib/ruby/gems/2.2.0/gems/activesupport-4.2.0/lib/active_support/dependencies.rb:240:in `load_dependency' from /usr/local/lib/ruby/gems/2.2.0/gems/activesupport-4.2.0/lib/active_support/dependencies.rb:274:in `require' from /config.ru:3:in `block in ' from /usr/local/lib/ruby/gems/2.2.0/gems/rack-1.6.1/lib/rack/builder.rb:55:in `instance_eval' from /usr/local/lib/ruby/gems/2.2.0/gems/rack-1.6.1/lib/rack/builder.rb:55:in `initialize' from /config.ru:in `new' from /config.ru:in `' from /usr/local/lib/ruby/gems/2.2.0/gems/rack-1.6.1/lib/rack/builder.rb:49:in `eval' from /usr/local/lib/ruby/gems/2.2.0/gems/rack-1.6.1/lib/rack/builder.rb:49:in `new_from_string' from /usr/local/lib/ruby/gems/2.2.0/gems/rack-1.6.1/lib/rack/builder.rb:40:in `parse_file' from /usr/local/lib/ruby/gems/2.2.0/gems/rack-1.6.1/lib/rack/server.rb:299:in `build_app_and_options_from_config' from /usr/local/lib/ruby/gems/2.2.0/gems/rack-1.6.1/lib/rack/server.rb:208:in `app' from /usr/local/lib/ruby/gems/2.2.0/gems/railties-4.2.0/lib/rails/commands/server.rb:61:in `app' from /usr/local/lib/ruby/gems/2.2.0/gems/rack-1.6.1/lib/rack/server.rb:336:in `wrapped_app' from /usr/local/lib/ruby/gems/2.2.0/gems/railties-4.2.0/lib/rails/commands/server.rb:139:in `log_to_stdout' from /usr/local/lib/ruby/gems/2.2.0/gems/railties-4.2.0/lib/rails/commands/server.rb:78:in `start' from /usr/local/lib/ruby/gems/2.2.0/gems/railties-4.2.0/lib/rails/commands/commands_tasks.rb:80:in `block in server' from /usr/local/lib/ruby/gems/2.2.0/gems/railties-4.2.0/lib/rails/commands/commands_tasks.rb:75:in `tap' from /usr/local/lib/ruby/gems/2.2.0/gems/railties-4.2.0/lib/rails/commands/commands_tasks.rb:75:in `server' from /usr/local/lib/ruby/gems/2.2.0/gems/railties-4.2.0/lib/rails/commands/commands_tasks.rb:39:in `run_command!' from /usr/local/lib/ruby/gems/2.2.0/gems/railties-4.2.0/lib/rails/commands.rb:17:in `' from /bin/rails:8:in `require' from /bin/rails:8:in `' from /usr/local/lib/ruby/gems/2.2.0/gems/spring-1.3.6/lib/spring/client/rails.rb:28:in `load' from /usr/local/lib/ruby/gems/2.2.0/gems/spring-1.3.6/lib/spring/client/rails.rb:28:in `call' from /usr/local/lib/ruby/gems/2.2.0/gems/spring-1.3.6/lib/spring/client/command.rb:7:in `call' from /usr/local/lib/ruby/gems/2.2.0/gems/spring-1.3.6/lib/spring/client.rb:26:in `run' from /usr/local/lib/ruby/gems/2.2.0/gems/spring-1.3.6/bin/spring:48:in `' from /usr/local/lib/ruby/gems/2.2.0/gems/spring-1.3.6/lib/spring/binstub.rb:11:in `load' from /usr/local/lib/ruby/gems/2.2.0/gems/spring-1.3.6/lib/spring/binstub.rb:11:in `' from /usr/local/lib/ruby/2.2.0/rubygems/core_ext/kernel_require.rb:54:in `require' from /usr/local/lib/ruby/2.2.0/rubygems/core_ext/kernel_require.rb:54:in `require' from /bin/spring:13:in `' from bin/rails:3:in `load' from bin/rails:3:in `' 

我有以下活跃的记录模型:

 class User < ActiveRecord::Base has_many :user_friendships has_many :friends, through: :user_friendships, conditions: { user_friendships: { state: 'accepted' } } has_many :pending_user_friendships, class_name: 'UserFriendship', foreign_key: :user_id, conditions: { state: 'pending' } has_many :pending_friends, through: :pending_user_friendships, source: :friend end 

UserFriendship模型

 class UserFriendship < ActiveRecord::Base belongs_to :user belongs_to :friend, class_name: 'User', foreign_key: 'friend_id' include AASM aasm column: 'state', initial: :pending, whiny_transitions: true do state :requested # im not seeing any event which set this state state :accepted #if you want an to trigger request event from any state simply add this event :request, after: Proc.new { send_request_email } do transitions to: :requested end #if you want to trigger accepted state from any state do this event :accept, after: Proc.new { send_acceptance_email } do transitions to: :accepted end #if you want to trigger accepted state from only requeste state event :accept, after: Proc.new { send_acceptance_email } do transitions from: :requested, to: :accepted end end def self.request(user1, user2) transaction do friendship1 = create!(user: user1, friend: user2, state: 'pending') friendship2 = create!(user: user1, friend: user2, state: 'requested') friendship1.send_request_email friendship1 end end def send_request_email UserNotifier.friend_requested(id).deliver end def send_acceptance_email UserNotifier.friend_accepted(id).deliver end end 

AddStateToUserFriendships迁移文件

 class AddStateToUserFriendships  false do add_index :user_friendships, :state end end 

CreateUserFriendships迁移文件

 class CreateUserFriendships < ActiveRecord::Migration def change create_table :user_friendships do |t| t.integer :user_id t.integer :friend_id t.timestamps null: false end add_index :user_friendships, [:user_id, :friend_id] end end 

UserFriendshipsController.rb

 class UserFriendshipsController < ApplicationController before_action :authenticate_user! def new if params[:friend_id] @friend = User.where(name: params[:friend_id]).first raise ActiveRecord::RecordNotFound if @friend.nil? @user_friendship = current_user.user_friendships.new(friend: @friend) else flash[:error] = "Friend required" end rescue ActiveRecord::RecordNotFound render file: 'public/404', status: :not_found end private def user_friendships_params params.require(:user_friendships).permit(:user, :friend, :user_id, :friend_id, :state) end def create if params[:user_friendship] && params[:user_friendship].has_key?(:friend_id) @friend = User.where(name: params[:user_friendship][:friend_id]).first @user_friendship = current_user.user_friendships.new(friend: @friend) @user_friendship.save redirect_to root_path flash[:notice] = "Friend Added" else flash[:error] = "Friend Required" redirect_to root_path end end end 

您应该将User模型中的代码更改为

 class User < ActiveRecord::Base has_many :user_friendships has_many :friends, -> { where(user_friendships: { state: "accepted"}) }, through: :user_friendships has_many :pending_user_friendships, -> { where(state: "pending") }, class_name: 'UserFriendship', foreign_key: :user_id has_many :pending_friends, through: :pending_user_friendships, source: :friend end