设计问题：TypeError – 不是符号
我最近运行了一个bundle update ，现在我变得很奇怪了
Type - [17] is not a symbol错误。
这是完整的错误消息：
Started GET "/" for 127.0.0.1 at 2013-05-14 03:46:35 -0500 TypeError - [17] is not a symbol: (gem) activesupport-3.2.13/lib/active_support/inflector/methods.rb:230:in `block in constantize' (gem) activesupport-3.2.13/lib/active_support/inflector/methods.rb:229:in `constantize' (gem) devise-2.2.3/lib/devise/rails/warden_compat.rb:27:in `deserialize' (gem) warden-1.2.1/lib/warden/session_serializer.rb:35:in `fetch' (gem) warden-1.2.1/lib/warden/proxy.rb:212:in `user' (gem) warden-1.2.1/lib/warden/proxy.rb:318:in `_perform_authentication' (gem) warden-1.2.1/lib/warden/proxy.rb:104:in `authenticate' (gem) warden-1.2.1/lib/warden/proxy.rb:114:in `authenticate?' (gem) devise-2.2.3/lib/devise/rails/routes.rb:286:in `block in authenticated' (gem) actionpack-3.2.13/lib/action_dispatch/routing/mapper.rb:31:in `block in matches?' (gem) actionpack-3.2.13/lib/action_dispatch/routing/mapper.rb:28:in `matches?' (gem) actionpack-3.2.13/lib/action_dispatch/routing/mapper.rb:42:in `call' (gem) journey-1.0.4/lib/journey/router.rb:68:in `block in call' (gem) journey-1.0.4/lib/journey/router.rb:56:in `call' (gem) actionpack-3.2.13/lib/action_dispatch/routing/route_set.rb:612:in `call' (gem) rack-pjax-0.7.0/lib/rack/pjax.rb:12:in `call' (gem) newrelic_rpm-3.6.1.88/lib/new_relic/rack/error_collector.rb:12:in `call' (gem) newrelic_rpm-3.6.1.88/lib/new_relic/rack/agent_hooks.rb:18:in `call' (gem) newrelic_rpm-3.6.1.88/lib/new_relic/rack/browser_monitoring.rb:16:in `call' (gem) bullet-4.6.0/lib/bullet/rack.rb:10:in `call' (gem) meta_request-0.2.3/lib/meta_request/middlewares/app_request_handler.rb:11:in `call' (gem) rack-contrib-1.1.0/lib/rack/contrib/response_headers.rb:17:in `call' (gem) meta_request-0.2.3/lib/meta_request/middlewares/headers.rb:16:in `call' (gem) meta_request-0.2.3/lib/meta_request/middlewares/meta_request_handler.rb:13:in `call' (gem) warden-1.2.1/lib/warden/manager.rb:35:in `block in call' (gem) warden-1.2.1/lib/warden/manager.rb:34:in `call' (gem) actionpack-3.2.13/lib/action_dispatch/middleware/best_standards_support.rb:17:in `call' (gem) rack-1.4.5/lib/rack/etag.rb:23:in `call' (gem) rack-1.4.5/lib/rack/conditionalget.rb:25:in `call' (gem) actionpack-3.2.13/lib/action_dispatch/middleware/head.rb:14:in `call' (gem) remotipart-1.0.5/lib/remotipart/middleware.rb:30:in `call' (gem) actionpack-3.2.13/lib/action_dispatch/middleware/params_parser.rb:21:in `call' (gem) actionpack-3.2.13/lib/action_dispatch/middleware/flash.rb:242:in `call' (gem) rack-1.4.5/lib/rack/session/abstract/id.rb:210:in `context' (gem) rack-1.4.5/lib/rack/session/abstract/id.rb:205:in `call' (gem) actionpack-3.2.13/lib/action_dispatch/middleware/cookies.rb:341:in `call' (gem) activerecord-3.2.13/lib/active_record/query_cache.rb:64:in `call' (gem) activerecord-3.2.13/lib/active_record/connection_adapters/abstract/connection_pool.rb:479:in `call' (gem) actionpack-3.2.13/lib/action_dispatch/middleware/callbacks.rb:28:in `block in call' (gem) activesupport-3.2.13/lib/active_support/callbacks.rb:405:in `_run__1566733404690363964__call__3169664716453937753__callbacks' (gem) activesupport-3.2.13/lib/active_support/callbacks.rb:405:in `__run_callback' (gem) activesupport-3.2.13/lib/active_support/callbacks.rb:385:in `_run_call_callbacks' (gem) activesupport-3.2.13/lib/active_support/callbacks.rb:81:in `run_callbacks' (gem) actionpack-3.2.13/lib/action_dispatch/middleware/callbacks.rb:27:in `call' (gem) actionpack-3.2.13/lib/action_dispatch/middleware/reloader.rb:65:in `call' (gem) actionpack-3.2.13/lib/action_dispatch/middleware/remote_ip.rb:31:in `call' (gem) better_errors-0.8.0/lib/better_errors/middleware.rb:84:in `protected_app_call' (gem) better_errors-0.8.0/lib/better_errors/middleware.rb:79:in `better_errors_call' (gem) better_errors-0.8.0/lib/better_errors/middleware.rb:56:in `call' (gem) actionpack-3.2.13/lib/action_dispatch/middleware/debug_exceptions.rb:16:in `call' (gem) actionpack-3.2.13/lib/action_dispatch/middleware/show_exceptions.rb:56:in `call' (gem) railties-3.2.13/lib/rails/rack/logger.rb:32:in `call_app' (gem) railties-3.2.13/lib/rails/rack/logger.rb:16:in `block in call' (gem) activesupport-3.2.13/lib/active_support/tagged_logging.rb:22:in `tagged' (gem) railties-3.2.13/lib/rails/rack/logger.rb:16:in `call' (gem) quiet_assets-1.0.2/lib/quiet_assets.rb:18:in `call_with_quiet_assets' (gem) actionpack-3.2.13/lib/action_dispatch/middleware/request_id.rb:22:in `call' (gem) rack-1.4.5/lib/rack/methodoverride.rb:21:in `call' (gem) rack-1.4.5/lib/rack/runtime.rb:17:in `call' (gem) activesupport-3.2.13/lib/active_support/cache/strategy/local_cache.rb:72:in `call' (gem) rack-1.4.5/lib/rack/lock.rb:15:in `call' (gem) actionpack-3.2.13/lib/action_dispatch/middleware/static.rb:63:in `call' (gem) railties-3.2.13/lib/rails/engine.rb:479:in `call' (gem) railties-3.2.13/lib/rails/application.rb:223:in `call' (gem) rack-1.4.5/lib/rack/content_length.rb:14:in `call' (gem) railties-3.2.13/lib/rails/rack/log_tailer.rb:17:in `call' (gem) thin-1.5.1/lib/thin/connection.rb:81:in `block in pre_process' (gem) thin-1.5.1/lib/thin/connection.rb:79:in `pre_process' (gem) thin-1.5.1/lib/thin/connection.rb:54:in `process' (gem) thin-1.5.1/lib/thin/connection.rb:39:in `receive_data' (gem) eventmachine-1.0.3/lib/eventmachine.rb:187:in `run' (gem) thin-1.5.1/lib/thin/backends/base.rb:63:in `start' (gem) thin-1.5.1/lib/thin/server.rb:159:in `start' (gem) rack-1.4.5/lib/rack/handler/thin.rb:13:in `run' (gem) rack-1.4.5/lib/rack/server.rb:268:in `start' (gem) railties-3.2.13/lib/rails/commands/server.rb:70:in `start' (gem) railties-3.2.13/lib/rails/commands.rb:55:in `block in ' (gem) railties-3.2.13/lib/rails/commands.rb:50:in `' script/rails:6:in `'
我完全不知道可能会突然造成什么。
不知道这是否有帮助，但这是我的Gemfile.lock ：
GIT remote: git://github.com/ctran/annotate_models.git revision: 8bd159c7a484093fde84beaa9e6398f25ddacf09 specs: annotate (2.6.0.beta1) activerecord (>= 2.3.0) rake (>= 0.8.7) GEM remote: https://rubygems.org/ specs: actionmailer (3.2.13) actionpack (= 3.2.13) mail (~> 2.5.3) actionpack (3.2.13) activemodel (= 3.2.13) activesupport (= 3.2.13) builder (~> 3.0.0) erubis (~> 2.7.0) journey (~> 1.0.4) rack (~> 1.4.5) rack-cache (~> 1.2) rack-test (~> 0.6.1) sprockets (~> 2.2.1) active_utils (1.0.5) activesupport (>= 2.3.11) i18n activemerchant (1.32.1) active_utils (>= 1.0.2) activesupport (>= 2.3.14) builder (>= 2.0.0) i18n json (>= 1.5.1) money nokogiri activemodel (3.2.13) activesupport (= 3.2.13) builder (~> 3.0.0) activerecord (3.2.13) activemodel (= 3.2.13) activesupport (= 3.2.13) arel (~> 3.0.2) tzinfo (~> 0.3.29) activeresource (3.2.13) activemodel (= 3.2.13) activesupport (= 3.2.13) activesupport (3.2.13) i18n (= 0.6.1) multi_json (~> 1.0) acts-as-taggable-on (2.4.1) rails (>= 3, = 2.3.1) extlib (>= 0.9.15) multi_json (>= 1.0.0) bcrypt-ruby (3.0.1) better_errors (0.8.0) coderay (>= 1.0.0) erubis (>= 2.6.6) binding_of_caller (0.7.1) debug_inspector (>= 0.0.1) bootstrap-sass (2.3.1.0) sass (~> 3.2) bootstrap-wysihtml5-rails (0.3.1.19) railties (>= 3.0) builder (3.0.4) bullet (4.6.0) uniform_notifier cancan (1.6.9) carrierwave (0.8.0) activemodel (>= 3.2.0) activesupport (>= 3.2.0) coderay (1.0.9) coffee-rails (3.2.2) coffee-script (>= 2.2.0) railties (~> 3.2.0) coffee-script (2.2.0) coffee-script-source execjs coffee-script-source (1.6.2) countries (0.9.2) currencies (>= 0.4.0) currencies (0.4.0) daemons (1.1.9) database_cleaner (1.0.0.RC1) debug_inspector (0.0.2) devise (2.2.3) bcrypt-ruby (~> 3.0) orm_adapter (~> 0.1) railties (~> 3.1) warden (~> 1.2.1) diff-lcs (1.2.4) email_spec (1.4.0) launchy (~> 2.1) mail (~> 2.2) erubis (2.7.0) eventmachine (1.0.3) excon (0.21.0) execjs (1.4.0) multi_json (~> 1.0) extlib (0.9.16) faraday (0.8.7) multipart-post (~> 1.1) fog (1.11.0) builder excon (~> 0.20) formatador (~> 0.2.0) google-api-client (~> 0.6.2) json (~> 1.7) mime-types net-scp (~> 1.1) net-ssh (>= 2.1.3) nokogiri (~> 1.5.0) ruby-hmac font-awesome-sass-rails (3.0.2.2) railties (>= 3.1.1) sass-rails (>= 3.1.1) formatador (0.2.4) friendly_id (4.0.9) google-api-client (0.6.3) addressable (>= 2.3.2) autoparse (>= 0.3.3) extlib (>= 0.9.15) faraday (~> 0.8.4) jwt (>= 0.1.5) launchy (>= 2.1.1) multi_json (>= 1.0.0) signet (>= 0.4.4) uuidtools (>= 2.1.0) haml (4.0.2) tilt hike (1.2.2) i18n (0.6.1) journey (1.0.4) jquery-rails (2.2.1) railties (>= 3.0, = 0.14, = 3.1.0) json (1.7.7) jwt (0.1.8) multi_json (>= 1.5) kaminari (0.14.1) actionpack (>= 3.0.0) activesupport (>= 3.0.0) launchy (2.3.0) addressable (~> 2.3) letter_opener (1.0.0) launchy (>= 2.0.4) libv8 (3.11.8.17) mail (2.5.3) i18n (>= 0.4.0) mime-types (~> 1.16) treetop (~> 1.4.8) meta_request (0.2.3) rack-contrib railties mime-types (1.23) mini_magick (3.5.0) subexec (~> 0.2.1) money (5.1.1) i18n (~> 0.6.0) multi_json (1.7.2) multipart-post (1.2.0) nested_form (0.3.2) net-scp (1.1.0) net-ssh (>= 2.6.5) net-ssh (2.6.7) newrelic_rpm (3.6.1.88) nokogiri (1.5.9) orm_adapter (0.4.0) pg (0.15.1) piggybak (0.6.30) activemerchant countries devise rack-ssl-enforcer rails (~> 3.2.8) rails_admin (~> 0.4.5) piggybak_bundle_discounts (0.0.5) rails (~> 3.2.8) piggybak_stripe (0.0.2) stripe (= 1.7.4) piggybak_variants (0.0.17) rails (~> 3.2.3) polyglot (0.3.3) quiet_assets (1.0.2) railties (>= 3.1, = 0.4) rack-contrib (1.1.0) rack (>= 0.9.1) rack-pjax (0.7.0) nokogiri (~> 1.5) rack (~> 1.3) rack-ssl (1.3.3) rack rack-ssl-enforcer (0.2.5) rack-test (0.6.2) rack (>= 1.0) rails (3.2.13) actionmailer (= 3.2.13) actionpack (= 3.2.13) activerecord (= 3.2.13) activeresource (= 3.2.13) activesupport (= 3.2.13) bundler (~> 1.0) railties (= 3.2.13) rails_admin (0.4.7) bootstrap-sass (~> 2.2) builder (~> 3.0) coffee-rails (~> 3.1) font-awesome-sass-rails (~> 3.0, >= 3.0.0.1) haml (~> 4.0) jquery-rails (~> 2.1) jquery-ui-rails (~> 3.0) kaminari (~> 0.14) nested_form (~> 0.3) rack-pjax (~> 0.6) rails (~> 3.1) remotipart (~> 1.0) safe_yaml (~> 0.6) sass-rails (~> 3.1) railties (3.2.13) actionpack (= 3.2.13) activesupport (= 3.2.13) rack-ssl (~> 1.3.2) rake (>= 0.8.7) rdoc (~> 3.4) thor (>= 0.14.6, 1.4) ref (1.0.4) remotipart (1.0.5) rest-client (1.6.7) mime-types (>= 1.16) rmagick (2.13.2) rolify (3.2.0) rspec-core (2.13.1) rspec-expectations (2.13.0) diff-lcs (>= 1.1.3, = 3.0) activesupport (>= 3.0) railties (>= 3.0) rspec-core (~> 2.13.0) rspec-expectations (~> 2.13.0) rspec-mocks (~> 2.13.0) ruby-hmac (0.4.0) safe_yaml (0.9.1) sass (3.2.8) sass-rails (3.2.6) railties (~> 3.2.0) sass (>= 3.1.10) tilt (~> 1.3) sendgrid (1.1.0) json json sextant (0.2.3) activesupport (>= 3.2) rails (>= 3.2) signet (0.4.5) addressable (>= 2.2.3) faraday (~> 0.8.1) jwt (>= 0.1.5) multi_json (>= 1.0.0) simple_form (2.1.0) actionpack (~> 3.0) activemodel (~> 3.0) sprockets (2.2.2) hike (~> 1.2) multi_json (~> 1.0) rack (~> 1.0) tilt (~> 1.1, != 1.3.0) stripe (1.7.4) multi_json (~> 1.1) rest-client (~> 1.4) subexec (0.2.3) therubyracer (0.11.4) libv8 (~> 3.11.8.12) ref thin (1.5.1) daemons (>= 1.0.9) eventmachine (>= 0.12.6) rack (>= 1.0.0) thor (0.18.1) tilt (1.4.0) treetop (1.4.12) polyglot polyglot (>= 0.3.1) tzinfo (0.3.37) uglifier (2.0.1) execjs (>= 0.3.0) multi_json (~> 1.0, >= 1.0.2) uniform_notifier (1.2.0) uuidtools (2.1.4) warden (1.2.1) rack (>= 1.0) PLATFORMS ruby DEPENDENCIES acts-as-taggable-on annotate! better_errors (>= 0.7.2) binding_of_caller (>= 0.7.1) bootstrap-sass (>= 2.3.0.0) bootstrap-wysihtml5-rails bullet cancan (>= 1.6.9) carrierwave coffee-rails (~> 3.2.1) database_cleaner (>= 1.0.0.RC1) devise (>= 2.2.3) email_spec (>= 1.4.0) execjs fog font-awesome-sass-rails friendly_id jquery-rails letter_opener meta_request mini_magick newrelic_rpm pg (>= 0.15.0) piggybak piggybak_bundle_discounts piggybak_stripe piggybak_variants quiet_assets (>= 1.0.2) rails (= 3.2.13) rails_admin rmagick rolify (>= 3.2.0) rspec-rails (>= 2.12.2) sass-rails (~> 3.2.3) sendgrid (>= 1.0.1) sextant simple_form (>= 2.1.0) therubyracer thin (>= 1.5.0) uglifier (>= 1.0.3)
编辑1
这是我的Gemfile ：
source 'https://rubygems.org' gem 'rails', '3.2.13' group :assets do gem 'sass-rails', '~> 3.2.3' gem 'coffee-rails', '~> 3.2.1' gem 'uglifier', '>= 1.0.3' end group :development do gem 'annotate', :git => 'git://github.com/ctran/annotate_models.git' gem 'sextant' gem "quiet_assets", ">= 1.0.2" gem "better_errors", ">= 0.7.2" gem "binding_of_caller", ">= 0.7.1" gem 'meta_request' gem 'execjs' gem 'therubyracer' gem "letter_opener" gem 'bullet' # gem 'rack-mini-profiler' end group :test do gem "database_cleaner", ">= 1.0.0.RC1" gem "email_spec", ">= 1.4.0" end group :development, :test do gem "rspec-rails", ">= 2.12.2" end gem 'jquery-rails' gem "thin", ">= 1.5.0" gem "pg", ">= 0.15.0" gem "font-awesome-sass-rails" gem "bootstrap-sass", ">= 2.3.0.0" gem "bootstrap-wysihtml5-rails" gem "bootstrap-sass", ">= 2.3.0.0" gem "sendgrid", ">= 1.0.1" gem "devise", ">= 2.2.3" gem "cancan", ">= 1.6.9" gem "rolify", ">= 3.2.0" gem "simple_form", ">= 2.1.0" gem "newrelic_rpm" gem "rmagick" gem "mini_magick" gem "carrierwave" gem "fog" gem "piggybak" gem "piggybak_variants" gem "piggybak_bundle_discounts" gem "rails_admin" gem "acts-as-taggable-on" gem "friendly_id" gem "piggybak_stripe"
这里有几点需要注意：
- 在Gemfile中指定要更新的最大版本更安全
- 您的会话未正确反序列化 – 这是您所看到的exception的原因
- 如果您遇到单个gem需要更新，请使用
bundle update
指定最大Gem版本
您应该在Gemfile中使用悲观版本约束 （ ~>运算符）。 这基本上允许您说gem只能更新到更高的补丁级别。
Ruby开发人员倾向于使用具有三个数字的版本号标准： xxx ，例如2.0.1 。 第一个数字是主要版本，第二个数字是次要版本，第三个数字是补丁。
主要版本更新可能会破坏旧function。 如果从1.xx升级到2.xx ，则可能是一个痛苦的过程。 次要版本更新应添加function，在极少数情况下，更改现有function，但它应向后兼容。 补丁级别更新应该是纯粹的错误修复。
悲观版本约束可用于表示“仅允许补丁级别更新”。 例如：
gem 'devise', '~> 2.2.3' # Only the '.3' can increase, eg 2.2.4, 2.2.5
如果您为所有gem执行此操作，那么您可以合理地确定bundle update会将gems更新为兼容版本。 在你的Gemfile中
gem 'devise', '>= 2.2.3'
这可能会允许安装设备3.0.0 ，你几乎可以保证这将是有问题的。
最好找到有效的gem配置，然后使用悲观版本约束将Gemfile锁定为仅补丁级别更新。
会话反序列化
看起来设计已经更新，这导致会话反序列化问题。 您可以查看旧版本的Gemfile.lock ，然后降级到正在运行的设计版本。 或者，如果您在会话中没有任何关键内容并使用新版本，则可以清除缓存。
更新单个gem
运行bundle update将尝试更新Gemfile中的所有gem。 如果您只需要更新单个gem，请使用bundle update 。 所有其他人将保持相同的版本。
问题是很久以前发布的，所以我想原来的人不再需要答案了。 但是，像我这样的人可能迫切需要一个答案，而不是炸掉所有的争吵。 这是原因和我的解决方案：Devise 2.2.4具有向后不兼容的更改，这会破坏所有现有会话。 请参阅2.2.4的更改日志https://github.com/plataformatec/devise/blob/master/CHANGELOG.md
由devise <= 2.2.3无法正确处理由devise> = 2.2.4创建的会话。
问题来自使用的会话密钥设计。 假设你已经设计了你的播放器模型。 对于devise <= 2.2.3，会话在会话中具有以下内容
session["warden.user.player.key']=["Player", [player_id], "somehashhere"]
对于devise> = 2.2.4，会话变为以下内容
session["warden.user.player.key']=[[player_id], "somehashhere"]
我认为设计作者不喜欢“播放器”，因为它已经在许多不同的地方以及密钥本身中指定。 这是一个合理的更改，新代码确实可以正确处理升级，因为它可以理解旧会话并使您的优秀会话保持活跃状态。
但这只能解决升级问题，而不是降级。 如果您将设备升级到2.2.4，登录然后降级到2.2.3，您将看到如下错误。 显然在设计代码（<2.2.3）的某处，它将'Play'转换为symbol：user。 但是'用户'不再存在，而且你有一个'非符号'的错误。
仅当您使用数据库存储进行会话时，才将页面指向解决方案。 您需要迁移https://gist.github.com/moll/6417606
如果您使用cookie存储存储（rails默认很长时间），那么当您从更高版本的设备降级时，需要将以下代码添加到应用程序控制器
before_filter :fix_session def fix_session key = session["warden.user.player.key"] if key && key.is_a?(Array) && key[0].is_a?(Array) session["warden.user.player.key"].unshift('Player') end end
至于降级的原因？ 如果您确定一切正常并且您将永远不必回滚，那么这不是问题。 但如果你不太确定，你就需要这个。
我将我的Gemfile更新为gem "devise", ">= 2.2.4" devise gem "devise", ">= 2.2.4"然后删除了我的Gemfile.lock并通过bundle install重新创建它。
无论出于何种原因，这似乎已经解决了这个特殊问题。
我不能肯定地说，虽然它是由那个版本的Devise引起的。 它可能是另一个更新的gem – 但这是我所做的唯一改变。
所以带上一粒盐。