Ruby on Rails – 运行黄瓜时出错：您已经激活了activesupport 3.2.1，但您的Gemfile需要activesupport 3.1.0。
我知道这个问题之前已经以一种forms或另一种forms提出过，但我仍然无法为此获得有效的解决方案。
我正在网上提供saas课程，代码直接从https://github.com/saasbook/hw3_rottenpotatoes克隆
当我从命令提示符运行黄瓜时
Using the default profile... You have already activated activesupport 3.2.1, but your Gemfile requires activesupport 3.1.0. Using bundle exec may solve this. (Gem::LoadError) /Users/chemin/.rvm/gems/ruby-1.9.2-p290@rails3tutorial/gems/bundler-1.0.21/lib/bundler/runtime.rb:31:in `block in setup' /Users/chemin/.rvm/gems/ruby-1.9.2-p290@rails3tutorial/gems/bundler-1.0.21/lib/bundler/runtime.rb:17:in `setup' /Users/chemin/.rvm/gems/ruby-1.9.2-p290@rails3tutorial/gems/bundler-1.0.21/lib/bundler.rb:110:in `setup' /Users/chemin/.rvm/gems/ruby-1.9.2-p290@rails3tutorial/gems/bundler-1.0.21/lib/bundler/setup.rb:7:in `' /Users/chemin/.rvm/rubies/ruby-1.9.2-p290/lib/ruby/site_ruby/1.9.1/rubygems/custom_require.rb:59:in `require' /Users/chemin/.rvm/rubies/ruby-1.9.2-p290/lib/ruby/site_ruby/1.9.1/rubygems/custom_require.rb:59:in `rescue in require' /Users/chemin/.rvm/rubies/ruby-1.9.2-p290/lib/ruby/site_ruby/1.9.1/rubygems/custom_require.rb:35:in `require' /Users/chemin/rails_projects/saas/hw3_rottenpotatoes/config/boot.rb:6:in `' /Users/chemin/.rvm/rubies/ruby-1.9.2-p290/lib/ruby/site_ruby/1.9.1/rubygems/custom_require.rb:55:in `require' /Users/chemin/.rvm/rubies/ruby-1.9.2-p290/lib/ruby/site_ruby/1.9.1/rubygems/custom_require.rb:55:in `require' /Users/chemin/rails_projects/saas/hw3_rottenpotatoes/config/application.rb:1:in `' /Users/chemin/.rvm/rubies/ruby-1.9.2-p290/lib/ruby/site_ruby/1.9.1/rubygems/custom_require.rb:55:in `require' /Users/chemin/.rvm/rubies/ruby-1.9.2-p290/lib/ruby/site_ruby/1.9.1/rubygems/custom_require.rb:55:in `require' /Users/chemin/rails_projects/saas/hw3_rottenpotatoes/config/environment.rb:2:in `' /Users/chemin/.rvm/rubies/ruby-1.9.2-p290/lib/ruby/site_ruby/1.9.1/rubygems/custom_require.rb:55:in `require' /Users/chemin/.rvm/rubies/ruby-1.9.2-p290/lib/ruby/site_ruby/1.9.1/rubygems/custom_require.rb:55:in `require' /Users/chemin/.rvm/gems/ruby-1.9.2-p290@rails3tutorial/gems/cucumber-rails-1.3.0/lib/cucumber/rails.rb:7:in `' /Users/chemin/.rvm/rubies/ruby-1.9.2-p290/lib/ruby/site_ruby/1.9.1/rubygems/custom_require.rb:59:in `require' /Users/chemin/.rvm/rubies/ruby-1.9.2-p290/lib/ruby/site_ruby/1.9.1/rubygems/custom_require.rb:59:in `rescue in require' /Users/chemin/.rvm/rubies/ruby-1.9.2-p290/lib/ruby/site_ruby/1.9.1/rubygems/custom_require.rb:35:in `require' /Users/chemin/rails_projects/saas/hw3_rottenpotatoes/features/support/env.rb:7:in `' /Users/chemin/.rvm/gems/ruby-1.9.2-p290@rails3tutorial/gems/cucumber-1.1.9/lib/cucumber/rb_support/rb_language.rb:129:in `load' /Users/chemin/.rvm/gems/ruby-1.9.2-p290@rails3tutorial/gems/cucumber-1.1.9/lib/cucumber/rb_support/rb_language.rb:129:in `load_code_file' /Users/chemin/.rvm/gems/ruby-1.9.2-p290@rails3tutorial/gems/cucumber-1.1.9/lib/cucumber/runtime/support_code.rb:171:in `load_file' /Users/chemin/.rvm/gems/ruby-1.9.2-p290@rails3tutorial/gems/cucumber-1.1.9/lib/cucumber/runtime/support_code.rb:83:in `block in load_files!' /Users/chemin/.rvm/gems/ruby-1.9.2-p290@rails3tutorial/gems/cucumber-1.1.9/lib/cucumber/runtime/support_code.rb:82:in `each' /Users/chemin/.rvm/gems/ruby-1.9.2-p290@rails3tutorial/gems/cucumber-1.1.9/lib/cucumber/runtime/support_code.rb:82:in `load_files!' /Users/chemin/.rvm/gems/ruby-1.9.2-p290@rails3tutorial/gems/cucumber-1.1.9/lib/cucumber/runtime.rb:175:in `load_step_definitions' /Users/chemin/.rvm/gems/ruby-1.9.2-p290@rails3tutorial/gems/cucumber-1.1.9/lib/cucumber/runtime.rb:40:in `run!' /Users/chemin/.rvm/gems/ruby-1.9.2-p290@rails3tutorial/gems/cucumber-1.1.9/lib/cucumber/cli/main.rb:43:in `execute!' /Users/chemin/.rvm/gems/ruby-1.9.2-p290@rails3tutorial/gems/cucumber-1.1.9/lib/cucumber/cli/main.rb:20:in `execute' /Users/chemin/.rvm/gems/ruby-1.9.2-p290@rails3tutorial/gems/cucumber-1.1.9/bin/cucumber:14:in `' /Users/chemin/.rvm/gems/ruby-1.9.2-p290@rails3tutorial/bin/cucumber:19:in `load' /Users/chemin/.rvm/gems/ruby-1.9.2-p290@rails3tutorial/bin/cucumber:19:in `' 运行捆绑安装版本后，我得到一个更加丑陋的消息
Could not find rack-cache (~> 1.1) amongst [actionmailer-3.1.0, actionpack-3.1.0, activemodel-3.1.0, activerecord-3.1.0, activeresource-3.1.0, activesupport-3.1.0, addressable-2.2.7, archive-tar-minitar-0.5.2, arel-2.2.1, bcrypt-ruby-3.0.1, builder-3.0.0, capybara-1.1.2, childprocess-0.3.1, coffee-rails-3.1.1, coffee-script-2.2.0, coffee-script-source-1.2.0, columnize-0.3.6, cucumber-1.1.8, cucumber-rails-1.3.0, cucumber-rails-training-wheels-1.0.0, database_cleaner-0.7.1, diff-lcs-1.1.3, erubis-2.7.0, execjs-1.3.0, ffi-1.0.11, gherkin-2.8.0, haml-3.1.4, hike-1.2.1, i18n-0.6.0, jquery-rails-1.0.19, json-1.6.5, json_pure-1.6.5, launchy-2.0.5, libv8-3.3.10.4-x86_64-darwin-10, linecache19-0.5.12, mail-2.3.0, mime-types-1.17.2, multi_json-1.1.0, nokogiri-1.5.0, polyglot-0.3.3, rack-1.3.6, rack-cache-1.0.3, rack-mount-0.8.3, rack-ssl-1.3.2, rack-test-0.6.1, rails-3.1.0, railties-3.1.0, rake-0.9.2.2, rdoc-3.12, ruby-debug-base19-0.11.25, ruby-debug19-0.11.6, ruby_core_source-0.1.5, rubyzip-0.9.6.1, sass-3.1.15, sass-rails-3.1.5, selenium-webdriver-2.13.0, sprockets-2.0.3, sqlite3-1.3.5, term-ansicolor-1.0.7, therubyracer-0.9.10, thor-0.14.6, tilt-1.3.3, treetop-1.4.10, tzinfo-0.3.31, uglifier-1.2.3, xpath-0.1.4] (Gem::LoadError) /Users/chemin/.rvm/rubies/ruby-1.9.2-p290/lib/ruby/site_ruby/1.9.1/rubygems/dependency.rb:247:in `to_specs' /Users/chemin/.rvm/rubies/ruby-1.9.2-p290/lib/ruby/site_ruby/1.9.1/rubygems/specification.rb:451:in `block in find_in_unresolved' /Users/chemin/.rvm/rubies/ruby-1.9.2-p290/lib/ruby/site_ruby/1.9.1/rubygems/specification.rb:451:in `map' /Users/chemin/.rvm/rubies/ruby-1.9.2-p290/lib/ruby/site_ruby/1.9.1/rubygems/specification.rb:451:in `find_in_unresolved' /Users/chemin/.rvm/rubies/ruby-1.9.2-p290/lib/ruby/site_ruby/1.9.1/rubygems/custom_require.rb:43:in `require' /Users/chemin/.rvm/gems/ruby-1.9.2-p290@rails3tutorial/gems/bundler-1.0.21/lib/bundler/dsl.rb:1:in `' /Users/chemin/.rvm/gems/ruby-1.9.2-p290@rails3tutorial/gems/bundler-1.0.21/lib/bundler/definition.rb:17:in `build' /Users/chemin/.rvm/gems/ruby-1.9.2-p290@rails3tutorial/gems/bundler-1.0.21/lib/bundler.rb:138:in `definition' /Users/chemin/.rvm/gems/ruby-1.9.2-p290@rails3tutorial/gems/bundler-1.0.21/lib/bundler.rb:126:in `load' /Users/chemin/.rvm/gems/ruby-1.9.2-p290@rails3tutorial/gems/bundler-1.0.21/lib/bundler.rb:110:in `setup' /Users/chemin/.rvm/gems/ruby-1.9.2-p290@rails3tutorial/gems/bundler-1.0.21/lib/bundler/setup.rb:7:in `' /Users/chemin/.rvm/rubies/ruby-1.9.2-p290/lib/ruby/site_ruby/1.9.1/rubygems/custom_require.rb:59:in `require' /Users/chemin/.rvm/rubies/ruby-1.9.2-p290/lib/ruby/site_ruby/1.9.1/rubygems/custom_require.rb:59:in `rescue in require' /Users/chemin/.rvm/rubies/ruby-1.9.2-p290/lib/ruby/site_ruby/1.9.1/rubygems/custom_require.rb:35:in `require' /Users/chemin/rails_projects/saas/hw3_rottenpotatoes/config/boot.rb:6:in `' /Users/chemin/.rvm/rubies/ruby-1.9.2-p290/lib/ruby/site_ruby/1.9.1/rubygems/custom_require.rb:55:in `require' /Users/chemin/.rvm/rubies/ruby-1.9.2-p290/lib/ruby/site_ruby/1.9.1/rubygems/custom_require.rb:55:in `require' /Users/chemin/rails_projects/saas/hw3_rottenpotatoes/config/application.rb:1:in `' /Users/chemin/.rvm/rubies/ruby-1.9.2-p290/lib/ruby/site_ruby/1.9.1/rubygems/custom_require.rb:55:in `require' /Users/chemin/.rvm/rubies/ruby-1.9.2-p290/lib/ruby/site_ruby/1.9.1/rubygems/custom_require.rb:55:in `require' /Users/chemin/rails_projects/saas/hw3_rottenpotatoes/config/environment.rb:2:in `' /Users/chemin/.rvm/rubies/ruby-1.9.2-p290/lib/ruby/site_ruby/1.9.1/rubygems/custom_require.rb:55:in `require' /Users/chemin/.rvm/rubies/ruby-1.9.2-p290/lib/ruby/site_ruby/1.9.1/rubygems/custom_require.rb:55:in `require' /Users/chemin/.rvm/gems/ruby-1.9.2-p290@rails3tutorial/gems/cucumber-rails-1.3.0/lib/cucumber/rails.rb:7:in `' /Users/chemin/.rvm/rubies/ruby-1.9.2-p290/lib/ruby/site_ruby/1.9.1/rubygems/custom_require.rb:59:in `require' /Users/chemin/.rvm/rubies/ruby-1.9.2-p290/lib/ruby/site_ruby/1.9.1/rubygems/custom_require.rb:59:in `rescue in require' /Users/chemin/.rvm/rubies/ruby-1.9.2-p290/lib/ruby/site_ruby/1.9.1/rubygems/custom_require.rb:35:in `require' /Users/chemin/rails_projects/saas/hw3_rottenpotatoes/features/support/env.rb:7:in `' /Users/chemin/.rvm/gems/ruby-1.9.2-p290@rails3tutorial/gems/cucumber-1.1.9/lib/cucumber/rb_support/rb_language.rb:129:in `load' /Users/chemin/.rvm/gems/ruby-1.9.2-p290@rails3tutorial/gems/cucumber-1.1.9/lib/cucumber/rb_support/rb_language.rb:129:in `load_code_file' /Users/chemin/.rvm/gems/ruby-1.9.2-p290@rails3tutorial/gems/cucumber-1.1.9/lib/cucumber/runtime/support_code.rb:171:in `load_file' /Users/chemin/.rvm/gems/ruby-1.9.2-p290@rails3tutorial/gems/cucumber-1.1.9/lib/cucumber/runtime/support_code.rb:83:in `block in load_files!' /Users/chemin/.rvm/gems/ruby-1.9.2-p290@rails3tutorial/gems/cucumber-1.1.9/lib/cucumber/runtime/support_code.rb:82:in `each' /Users/chemin/.rvm/gems/ruby-1.9.2-p290@rails3tutorial/gems/cucumber-1.1.9/lib/cucumber/runtime/support_code.rb:82:in `load_files!' /Users/chemin/.rvm/gems/ruby-1.9.2-p290@rails3tutorial/gems/cucumber-1.1.9/lib/cucumber/runtime.rb:175:in `load_step_definitions' /Users/chemin/.rvm/gems/ruby-1.9.2-p290@rails3tutorial/gems/cucumber-1.1.9/lib/cucumber/runtime.rb:40:in `run!' /Users/chemin/.rvm/gems/ruby-1.9.2-p290@rails3tutorial/gems/cucumber-1.1.9/lib/cucumber/cli/main.rb:43:in `execute!' /Users/chemin/.rvm/gems/ruby-1.9.2-p290@rails3tutorial/gems/cucumber-1.1.9/lib/cucumber/cli/main.rb:20:in `execute' /Users/chemin/.rvm/gems/ruby-1.9.2-p290@rails3tutorial/gems/cucumber-1.1.9/bin/cucumber:14:in `' /Users/chemin/.rvm/gems/ruby-1.9.2-p290@rails3tutorial/bin/cucumber:19:in `load' /Users/chemin/.rvm/gems/ruby-1.9.2-p290@rails3tutorial/bin/cucumber:19:in `'
有几个解决方案，其中最简单的方法是先尝试运行bundle exec cucumber ，看看是否能解决问题。
如果这不起作用，请删除rails3tutorial gemset并重新创建它：
rvm gemset delete rails3tutorial rvm 1.9.2-p290@rails3tutorial --create
然后运行bundle ，希望它会为你安装你的gem。 用bundle exec cucumber跟着这个（我几乎总是使用bundle exec运行我的规格和cuke，这样它就不会意外地加载陈旧的gem）。
希望这有效！
更新：解释bundle exec一点
bundle exec是Bundler附带的命令，它将在Gemfile的上下文中运行任何其他命令。 在这种情况下，你基本上告诉它运行cucumber命令，但只使用Gemfile中的gem，而不是当前可用的所有gem。
例如，如果您以前安装了activesupport 3.2.1 ，并且您的Gemfile要求提供activesupport 3.1.0 。 当发生这种情况时，我相信黄瓜命令本身会引入’activesupport’（可能是通过env.rb中的require’cucumber require 'cucumber/rails'调用），它可以抓取任何随机版本的activesupport它（可以说它抓住了3.2.1）来自你的可用的gem。 在此之后，它决定加载您的rails环境以开始运行您的function。 当它开始加载您的实际应用程序时，代码会查看您的Gemfile.lock并看到您实际需要的是activesupport 3.1.0 ，但它无法在新版本之上加载旧版本，因此它会崩溃James James粘贴错误。
这就是为什么，如果你使用rvm，为你的单独项目保留单独的gemsets是个好主意，如果你在那个项目上更新你的gem就删除/重新创建gemsets，这样你就不会保留旧版本周围的gem。 或者， bundle exec倾向于解决99％的问题。 如果您没有使用rvm，并且有多个项目，那么您可能拥有许多不同gems的许多不同版本，并且您应该始终使用bundle exec执行诸如执行rake任务，运行cucumerfunction和其他unit testing等操作。
或者您可以进行bundle update以确保所有gem插件都是最新版本并且它将更新您的Gemfile.lock ，因此这两者将是一致的。
我猜bundle exec和bundle update之间的区别在于你是否希望bundle提供你的应用程序要求的版本或更新你的应用程序gemfile，以便应用程序不会在安装较新版本时坚持使用过时版本的gem并因为gem而导致问题文件。
因为当发生版本冲突时，通常最好确保系统环境中安装的内容与您的应用程序Gemfile或锁定文件一致，因为您不希望他们在新版本可用时尝试使用旧版本的gem，除非你想在应用程序级别使用rvm或类似程序冻结你的gem系统，但是再次，当你分发ruby app时，它可能会导致其他机器出现问题。
最后，因为需要分发你的应用程序，除非更新版本的gem文件不能与现有应用程序一起工作，我认为它不应该坚持一个陈旧的已知工作版本，除非你总是想把它保存在安全的这是一个有效的论点。