NameError:未定义的局部变量或方法`app’

我创建的控制器规范失败,并显示以下错误消息:

NameError: undefined local variable or method `app' for \ # 

 # spec/controllers/sessions_conroller_spec.rb require 'spec_helper' describe SessionsController do before do @user = User.gen! end describe "#create" do context "when sending valid email and password" do it "renders a json hash ..." do post :create, email: @user.email, password: @user.password expect(last_response.status).to eq(201) end end end describe "#destroy" do context "when sending valid email and authentication token" do it "renders a json hash ..." do delete :destroy, email: @user.email, auth_token: @user.authentication_token expect(last_response.status).to eq(200) end end end end 

spec_helper.rb加载一些混合。

 ENV["RAILS_ENV"] ||= 'test' require File.expand_path("../../config/environment", __FILE__) require 'rspec/rails' require 'rspec/autorun' require 'capybara/rspec' Dir[Rails.root.join("spec/support/**/*.rb")].each { |f| require f } RSpec.configure do |config| config.include FactoryGirl::Syntax::Methods config.include Rack::Test::Methods, type: :controller config.fixture_path = "#{::Rails.root}/spec/fixtures" config.use_transactional_fixtures = true config.infer_base_class_for_anonymous_controllers = false config.order = "random" end 

spec_helper.rb删除以下spec_helper.rb

 config.include Rack::Test::Methods, type: :controller 

我没有像Jeremy所说的这种配置,但仍然有错误

我解决了只是将它添加到rails_helper.rb

  def app Rails.application end 

但我不知道为什么现在有效,有什么想法吗?