尝试在Heroku上部署应用程序时出现错误“未定义方法”load_defaults“”
我是ruby和rails编程的新手，所以我一直在关注railstutorial.org在线书籍，并遇到了一个我几个小时都无法解决的障碍：
在Bash中运行“git push heroku master”后，我得到以下内容：
Counting objects: 90, done. Delta compression using up to 4 threads. Compressing objects: 100% (76/76), done. Writing objects: 100% (90/90), 21.30 KiB | 0 bytes/s, done. Total 90 (delta 5), reused 0 (delta 0) remote: Compressing source files... done. remote: Building source: remote: remote: ! Warning: Multiple default buildpacks reported the ability to handle this app. The first buildpack in the list below will be used. remote: Detected buildpacks: Ruby,Node.js remote: See https://devcenter.heroku.com/articles/buildpacks#buildpack-detect-order remote: -----> Ruby app detected remote: -----> Compiling Ruby/Rails remote: -----> Using Ruby version: ruby-2.3.4 remote: -----> Installing dependencies using bundler 1.13.7 remote: Running: bundle install --without development:test --path vendor/bundle --binstubs vendor/bundle/bin -j4 --deployment remote: Warning: the running version of Bundler (1.13.7) is older than the version that created the lockfile (1.14.6). We suggest you upgrade to the latest version of Bundler by running `gem install bundler`. remote: Fetching gem metadata from https://rubygems.org/......... remote: Fetching version metadata from https://rubygems.org/.. remote: Fetching dependency metadata from https://rubygems.org/. remote: Installing i18n 0.8.1 remote: Installing rake 12.0.0 remote: Installing concurrent-ruby 1.0.5 remote: Installing minitest 5.10.1 remote: Installing thread_safe 0.3.6 remote: Installing builder 3.2.3 remote: Installing erubis 2.7.0 remote: Installing mini_portile2 2.1.0 remote: Installing rack 2.0.1 remote: Installing nio4r 1.2.1 with native extensions remote: Installing websocket-extensions 0.1.2 remote: Installing mime-types-data 3.2016.0521 remote: Installing arel 7.1.4 remote: Installing coffee-script-source 1.12.2 remote: Installing execjs 2.7.0 remote: Installing method_source 0.8.2 remote: Installing thor 0.19.4 remote: Installing multi_json 1.12.1 remote: Installing pg 0.18.4 with native extensions remote: Installing puma 3.4.0 with native extensions remote: Using bundler 1.13.7 remote: Installing sass 3.4.23 remote: Installing tilt 2.0.7 remote: Installing turbolinks-source 5.0.3 remote: Installing tzinfo 1.2.3 remote: Installing nokogiri 1.7.1 with native extensions remote: Installing rack-test 0.6.3 remote: Installing sprockets 3.7.1 remote: Installing websocket-driver 0.6.5 with native extensions remote: Installing mime-types 3.1 remote: Installing coffee-script 2.4.1 remote: Installing uglifier 3.0.0 remote: Installing turbolinks 5.0.1 remote: Installing activesupport 5.0.1 remote: Installing mail 2.6.5 remote: Installing globalid 0.4.0 remote: Installing activemodel 5.0.1 remote: Installing jbuilder 2.4.1 remote: Installing activejob 5.0.1 remote: Installing activerecord 5.0.1 remote: Installing rails-dom-testing 2.0.2 remote: Installing loofah 2.0.3 remote: Installing rails-html-sanitizer 1.0.3 remote: Installing actionview 5.0.1 remote: Installing actionpack 5.0.1 remote: Installing actionmailer 5.0.1 remote: Installing actioncable 5.0.1 remote: Installing railties 5.0.1 remote: Installing sprockets-rails 3.2.0 remote: Installing rails 5.0.1 remote: Installing coffee-rails 4.2.1 remote: Installing jquery-rails 4.1.1 remote: Installing sass-rails 5.0.6 remote: Bundle complete! 16 Gemfile dependencies, 53 gems now installed. remote: Gems in the groups development and test were not installed. remote: Bundled gems are installed into ./vendor/bundle. remote: Bundle completed (25.85s) remote: Cleaning up the bundler cache. remote: -----> Installing node-v6.10.0-linux-x64 remote: -----> Detecting rake tasks remote: sh: 2: Syntax error: Unterminated quoted string remote: sh: 2: Syntax error: Unterminated quoted string remote: ! remote: ! Could not detect rake tasks remote: ! ensure you can run `$ bundle exec rake -P` against your app remote: ! and using the production group of your Gemfile. remote: ! rake aborted! remote: ! NoMethodError: undefined method `load_defaults' for # remote: ! /tmp/build_9d66aec07e51cd554443c45d6ce07bca/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.3.0/gems/railties-5.0.1/lib/rails/railtie/configuration.rb:95:in `method_missing' remote: ! /tmp/build_9d66aec07e51cd554443c45d6ce07bca/config/application.rb:12:in `' remote: ! /tmp/build_9d66aec07e51cd554443c45d6ce07bca/config/application.rb:10:in `' remote: ! /tmp/build_9d66aec07e51cd554443c45d6ce07bca/config/application.rb:9:in `' remote: ! /tmp/build_9d66aec07e51cd554443c45d6ce07bca/Rakefile:4:in `require_relative' remote: ! /tmp/build_9d66aec07e51cd554443c45d6ce07bca/Rakefile:4:in `' remote: ! /tmp/build_9d66aec07e51cd554443c45d6ce07bca/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.3.0/gems/rake-12.0.0/lib/rake/rake_module.rb:28:in `load' remote: ! /tmp/build_9d66aec07e51cd554443c45d6ce07bca/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.3.0/gems/rake-12.0.0/lib/rake/rake_module.rb:28:in `load_rakefile' remote: ! /tmp/build_9d66aec07e51cd554443c45d6ce07bca/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.3.0/gems/rake-12.0.0/lib/rake/application.rb:687:in `raw_load_rakefile' remote: ! /tmp/build_9d66aec07e51cd554443c45d6ce07bca/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.3.0/gems/rake-12.0.0/lib/rake/application.rb:96:in `block in load_rakefile' remote: ! /tmp/build_9d66aec07e51cd554443c45d6ce07bca/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.3.0/gems/rake-12.0.0/lib/rake/application.rb:178:in `standard_exception_handling' remote: ! /tmp/build_9d66aec07e51cd554443c45d6ce07bca/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.3.0/gems/rake-12.0.0/lib/rake/application.rb:95:in `load_rakefile' remote: ! /tmp/build_9d66aec07e51cd554443c45d6ce07bca/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.3.0/gems/rake-12.0.0/lib/rake/application.rb:79:in `block in run' remote: ! /tmp/build_9d66aec07e51cd554443c45d6ce07bca/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.3.0/gems/rake-12.0.0/lib/rake/application.rb:178:in `standard_exception_handling' remote: ! /tmp/build_9d66aec07e51cd554443c45d6ce07bca/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.3.0/gems/rake-12.0.0/lib/rake/application.rb:77:in `run' remote: ! /tmp/build_9d66aec07e51cd554443c45d6ce07bca/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.3.0/gems/rake-12.0.0/exe/rake:27:in `' remote: ! vendor/bundle/bin/rake:17:in `load' remote: ! vendor/bundle/bin/rake:17:in `' remote: ! remote: /app/tmp/buildpacks/f6d48d8a14fccbb19c0c0402fca224929d18e9ee042b3e204bc5992612e990d3b3a0fb1f9627b1a3bae11e9fa20dffc96e136bd734a2f3cf92a0d05bedd42cfe/lib/language_pack/helpers/rake_runner.rb:102:in `load_rake_tasks!': Could not detect rake tasks (LanguagePack::Helpers::RakeRunner::CannotLoadRakefileError) remote: ensure you can run `$ bundle exec rake -P` against your app remote: and using the production group of your Gemfile. remote: rake aborted! remote: NoMethodError: undefined method `load_defaults' for # remote: /tmp/build_9d66aec07e51cd554443c45d6ce07bca/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.3.0/gems/railties-5.0.1/lib/rails/railtie/configuration.rb:95:in `method_missing' remote: /tmp/build_9d66aec07e51cd554443c45d6ce07bca/config/application.rb:12:in `' remote: /tmp/build_9d66aec07e51cd554443c45d6ce07bca/config/application.rb:10:in `' remote: /tmp/build_9d66aec07e51cd554443c45d6ce07bca/config/application.rb:9:in `' remote: /tmp/build_9d66aec07e51cd554443c45d6ce07bca/Rakefile:4:in `require_relative' remote: /tmp/build_9d66aec07e51cd554443c45d6ce07bca/Rakefile:4:in `' remote: /tmp/build_9d66aec07e51cd554443c45d6ce07bca/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.3.0/gems/rake-12.0.0/lib/rake/rake_module.rb:28:in `load' remote: /tmp/build_9d66aec07e51cd554443c45d6ce07bca/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.3.0/gems/rake-12.0.0/lib/rake/rake_module.rb:28:in `load_rakefile' remote: /tmp/build_9d66aec07e51cd554443c45d6ce07bca/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.3.0/gems/rake-12.0.0/lib/rake/application.rb:687:in `raw_load_rakefile' remote: /tmp/build_9d66aec07e51cd554443c45d6ce07bca/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.3.0/gems/rake-12.0.0/lib/rake/application.rb:96:in `block in load_rakefile' remote: /tmp/build_9d66aec07e51cd554443c45d6ce07bca/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.3.0/gems/rake-12.0.0/lib/rake/application.rb:178:in `standard_exception_handling' remote: /tmp/build_9d66aec07e51cd554443c45d6ce07bca/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.3.0/gems/rake-12.0.0/lib/rake/application.rb:95:in `load_rakefile' remote: /tmp/build_9d66aec07e51cd554443c45d6ce07bca/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.3.0/gems/rake-12.0.0/lib/rake/application.rb:79:in `block in run' remote: /tmp/build_9d66aec07e51cd554443c45d6ce07bca/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.3.0/gems/rake-12.0.0/lib/rake/application.rb:178:in `standard_exception_handling' remote: /tmp/build_9d66aec07e51cd554443c45d6ce07bca/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.3.0/gems/rake-12.0.0/lib/rake/application.rb:77:in `run' remote: /tmp/build_9d66aec07e51cd554443c45d6ce07bca/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.3.0/gems/rake-12.0.0/exe/rake:27:in `' remote: vendor/bundle/bin/rake:17:in `load' remote: vendor/bundle/bin/rake:17:in `' remote: from /app/tmp/buildpacks/f6d48d8a14fccbb19c0c0402fca224929d18e9ee042b3e204bc5992612e990d3b3a0fb1f9627b1a3bae11e9fa20dffc96e136bd734a2f3cf92a0d05bedd42cfe/lib/language_pack/ruby.rb:757:in `rake' remote: from /app/tmp/buildpacks/f6d48d8a14fccbb19c0c0402fca224929d18e9ee042b3e204bc5992612e990d3b3a0fb1f9627b1a3bae11e9fa20dffc96e136bd734a2f3cf92a0d05bedd42cfe/lib/language_pack/rails4.rb:77:in `block (2 levels) in run_assets_precompile_rake_task' remote: from /app/tmp/buildpacks/f6d48d8a14fccbb19c0c0402fca224929d18e9ee042b3e204bc5992612e990d3b3a0fb1f9627b1a3bae11e9fa20dffc96e136bd734a2f3cf92a0d05bedd42cfe/lib/language_pack/base.rb:132:in `log' remote: from /app/tmp/buildpacks/f6d48d8a14fccbb19c0c0402fca224929d18e9ee042b3e204bc5992612e990d3b3a0fb1f9627b1a3bae11e9fa20dffc96e136bd734a2f3cf92a0d05bedd42cfe/lib/language_pack/rails4.rb:71:in `block in run_assets_precompile_rake_task' remote: from /app/tmp/buildpacks/f6d48d8a14fccbb19c0c0402fca224929d18e9ee042b3e204bc5992612e990d3b3a0fb1f9627b1a3bae11e9fa20dffc96e136bd734a2f3cf92a0d05bedd42cfe/lib/language_pack/instrument.rb:18:in `block (2 levels) in instrument' remote: from /app/tmp/buildpacks/f6d48d8a14fccbb19c0c0402fca224929d18e9ee042b3e204bc5992612e990d3b3a0fb1f9627b1a3bae11e9fa20dffc96e136bd734a2f3cf92a0d05bedd42cfe/lib/language_pack/instrument.rb:40:in `yield_with_block_depth' remote: from /app/tmp/buildpacks/f6d48d8a14fccbb19c0c0402fca224929d18e9ee042b3e204bc5992612e990d3b3a0fb1f9627b1a3bae11e9fa20dffc96e136bd734a2f3cf92a0d05bedd42cfe/lib/language_pack/instrument.rb:17:in `block in instrument' remote: from /app/tmp/buildpacks/f6d48d8a14fccbb19c0c0402fca224929d18e9ee042b3e204bc5992612e990d3b3a0fb1f9627b1a3bae11e9fa20dffc96e136bd734a2f3cf92a0d05bedd42cfe/vendor/ruby/cedar-14/lib/ruby/2.3.0/benchmark.rb:308:in `realtime' remote: from /app/tmp/buildpacks/f6d48d8a14fccbb19c0c0402fca224929d18e9ee042b3e204bc5992612e990d3b3a0fb1f9627b1a3bae11e9fa20dffc96e136bd734a2f3cf92a0d05bedd42cfe/lib/language_pack/instrument.rb:16:in `instrument' remote: from /app/tmp/buildpacks/f6d48d8a14fccbb19c0c0402fca224929d18e9ee042b3e204bc5992612e990d3b3a0fb1f9627b1a3bae11e9fa20dffc96e136bd734a2f3cf92a0d05bedd42cfe/lib/language_pack/base.rb:49:in `instrument' remote: from /app/tmp/buildpacks/f6d48d8a14fccbb19c0c0402fca224929d18e9ee042b3e204bc5992612e990d3b3a0fb1f9627b1a3bae11e9fa20dffc96e136bd734a2f3cf92a0d05bedd42cfe/lib/language_pack/base.rb:45:in `instrument' remote: from /app/tmp/buildpacks/f6d48d8a14fccbb19c0c0402fca224929d18e9ee042b3e204bc5992612e990d3b3a0fb1f9627b1a3bae11e9fa20dffc96e136bd734a2f3cf92a0d05bedd42cfe/lib/language_pack/rails4.rb:70:in `run_assets_precompile_rake_task' remote: from /app/tmp/buildpacks/f6d48d8a14fccbb19c0c0402fca224929d18e9ee042b3e204bc5992612e990d3b3a0fb1f9627b1a3bae11e9fa20dffc96e136bd734a2f3cf92a0d05bedd42cfe/lib/language_pack/ruby.rb:109:in `block (2 levels) in compile' remote: from /app/tmp/buildpacks/f6d48d8a14fccbb19c0c0402fca224929d18e9ee042b3e204bc5992612e990d3b3a0fb1f9627b1a3bae11e9fa20dffc96e136bd734a2f3cf92a0d05bedd42cfe/lib/language_pack/ruby.rb:778:in `allow_git' remote: from /app/tmp/buildpacks/f6d48d8a14fccbb19c0c0402fca224929d18e9ee042b3e204bc5992612e990d3b3a0fb1f9627b1a3bae11e9fa20dffc96e136bd734a2f3cf92a0d05bedd42cfe/lib/language_pack/ruby.rb:103:in `block in compile' remote: from /app/tmp/buildpacks/f6d48d8a14fccbb19c0c0402fca224929d18e9ee042b3e204bc5992612e990d3b3a0fb1f9627b1a3bae11e9fa20dffc96e136bd734a2f3cf92a0d05bedd42cfe/lib/language_pack/instrument.rb:18:in `block (2 levels) in instrument' remote: from /app/tmp/buildpacks/f6d48d8a14fccbb19c0c0402fca224929d18e9ee042b3e204bc5992612e990d3b3a0fb1f9627b1a3bae11e9fa20dffc96e136bd734a2f3cf92a0d05bedd42cfe/lib/language_pack/instrument.rb:40:in `yield_with_block_depth' remote: from /app/tmp/buildpacks/f6d48d8a14fccbb19c0c0402fca224929d18e9ee042b3e204bc5992612e990d3b3a0fb1f9627b1a3bae11e9fa20dffc96e136bd734a2f3cf92a0d05bedd42cfe/lib/language_pack/instrument.rb:17:in `block in instrument' remote: from /app/tmp/buildpacks/f6d48d8a14fccbb19c0c0402fca224929d18e9ee042b3e204bc5992612e990d3b3a0fb1f9627b1a3bae11e9fa20dffc96e136bd734a2f3cf92a0d05bedd42cfe/vendor/ruby/cedar-14/lib/ruby/2.3.0/benchmark.rb:308:in `realtime' remote: from /app/tmp/buildpacks/f6d48d8a14fccbb19c0c0402fca224929d18e9ee042b3e204bc5992612e990d3b3a0fb1f9627b1a3bae11e9fa20dffc96e136bd734a2f3cf92a0d05bedd42cfe/lib/language_pack/instrument.rb:16:in `instrument' remote: from /app/tmp/buildpacks/f6d48d8a14fccbb19c0c0402fca224929d18e9ee042b3e204bc5992612e990d3b3a0fb1f9627b1a3bae11e9fa20dffc96e136bd734a2f3cf92a0d05bedd42cfe/lib/language_pack/base.rb:49:in `instrument' remote: from /app/tmp/buildpacks/f6d48d8a14fccbb19c0c0402fca224929d18e9ee042b3e204bc5992612e990d3b3a0fb1f9627b1a3bae11e9fa20dffc96e136bd734a2f3cf92a0d05bedd42cfe/lib/language_pack/base.rb:45:in `instrument' remote: from /app/tmp/buildpacks/f6d48d8a14fccbb19c0c0402fca224929d18e9ee042b3e204bc5992612e990d3b3a0fb1f9627b1a3bae11e9fa20dffc96e136bd734a2f3cf92a0d05bedd42cfe/lib/language_pack/ruby.rb:92:in `compile' remote: from /app/tmp/buildpacks/f6d48d8a14fccbb19c0c0402fca224929d18e9ee042b3e204bc5992612e990d3b3a0fb1f9627b1a3bae11e9fa20dffc96e136bd734a2f3cf92a0d05bedd42cfe/lib/language_pack/rails2.rb:57:in `block in compile' remote: from /app/tmp/buildpacks/f6d48d8a14fccbb19c0c0402fca224929d18e9ee042b3e204bc5992612e990d3b3a0fb1f9627b1a3bae11e9fa20dffc96e136bd734a2f3cf92a0d05bedd42cfe/lib/language_pack/instrument.rb:18:in `block (2 levels) in instrument' remote: from /app/tmp/buildpacks/f6d48d8a14fccbb19c0c0402fca224929d18e9ee042b3e204bc5992612e990d3b3a0fb1f9627b1a3bae11e9fa20dffc96e136bd734a2f3cf92a0d05bedd42cfe/lib/language_pack/instrument.rb:40:in `yield_with_block_depth' remote: from /app/tmp/buildpacks/f6d48d8a14fccbb19c0c0402fca224929d18e9ee042b3e204bc5992612e990d3b3a0fb1f9627b1a3bae11e9fa20dffc96e136bd734a2f3cf92a0d05bedd42cfe/lib/language_pack/instrument.rb:17:in `block in instrument' remote: from /app/tmp/buildpacks/f6d48d8a14fccbb19c0c0402fca224929d18e9ee042b3e204bc5992612e990d3b3a0fb1f9627b1a3bae11e9fa20dffc96e136bd734a2f3cf92a0d05bedd42cfe/vendor/ruby/cedar-14/lib/ruby/2.3.0/benchmark.rb:308:in `realtime' remote: from /app/tmp/buildpacks/f6d48d8a14fccbb19c0c0402fca224929d18e9ee042b3e204bc5992612e990d3b3a0fb1f9627b1a3bae11e9fa20dffc96e136bd734a2f3cf92a0d05bedd42cfe/lib/language_pack/instrument.rb:16:in `instrument' remote: from /app/tmp/buildpacks/f6d48d8a14fccbb19c0c0402fca224929d18e9ee042b3e204bc5992612e990d3b3a0fb1f9627b1a3bae11e9fa20dffc96e136bd734a2f3cf92a0d05bedd42cfe/lib/language_pack/base.rb:49:in `instrument' remote: from /app/tmp/buildpacks/f6d48d8a14fccbb19c0c0402fca224929d18e9ee042b3e204bc5992612e990d3b3a0fb1f9627b1a3bae11e9fa20dffc96e136bd734a2f3cf92a0d05bedd42cfe/lib/language_pack/base.rb:45:in `instrument' remote: from /app/tmp/buildpacks/f6d48d8a14fccbb19c0c0402fca224929d18e9ee042b3e204bc5992612e990d3b3a0fb1f9627b1a3bae11e9fa20dffc96e136bd734a2f3cf92a0d05bedd42cfe/lib/language_pack/rails2.rb:55:in `compile' remote: from /app/tmp/buildpacks/f6d48d8a14fccbb19c0c0402fca224929d18e9ee042b3e204bc5992612e990d3b3a0fb1f9627b1a3bae11e9fa20dffc96e136bd734a2f3cf92a0d05bedd42cfe/lib/language_pack/rails3.rb:42:in `block in compile' remote: from /app/tmp/buildpacks/f6d48d8a14fccbb19c0c0402fca224929d18e9ee042b3e204bc5992612e990d3b3a0fb1f9627b1a3bae11e9fa20dffc96e136bd734a2f3cf92a0d05bedd42cfe/lib/language_pack/instrument.rb:18:in `block (2 levels) in instrument' remote: from /app/tmp/buildpacks/f6d48d8a14fccbb19c0c0402fca224929d18e9ee042b3e204bc5992612e990d3b3a0fb1f9627b1a3bae11e9fa20dffc96e136bd734a2f3cf92a0d05bedd42cfe/lib/language_pack/instrument.rb:40:in `yield_with_block_depth' remote: from /app/tmp/buildpacks/f6d48d8a14fccbb19c0c0402fca224929d18e9ee042b3e204bc5992612e990d3b3a0fb1f9627b1a3bae11e9fa20dffc96e136bd734a2f3cf92a0d05bedd42cfe/lib/language_pack/instrument.rb:17:in `block in instrument' remote: from /app/tmp/buildpacks/f6d48d8a14fccbb19c0c0402fca224929d18e9ee042b3e204bc5992612e990d3b3a0fb1f9627b1a3bae11e9fa20dffc96e136bd734a2f3cf92a0d05bedd42cfe/vendor/ruby/cedar-14/lib/ruby/2.3.0/benchmark.rb:308:in `realtime' remote: from /app/tmp/buildpacks/f6d48d8a14fccbb19c0c0402fca224929d18e9ee042b3e204bc5992612e990d3b3a0fb1f9627b1a3bae11e9fa20dffc96e136bd734a2f3cf92a0d05bedd42cfe/lib/language_pack/instrument.rb:16:in `instrument' remote: from /app/tmp/buildpacks/f6d48d8a14fccbb19c0c0402fca224929d18e9ee042b3e204bc5992612e990d3b3a0fb1f9627b1a3bae11e9fa20dffc96e136bd734a2f3cf92a0d05bedd42cfe/lib/language_pack/base.rb:49:in `instrument' remote: from /app/tmp/buildpacks/f6d48d8a14fccbb19c0c0402fca224929d18e9ee042b3e204bc5992612e990d3b3a0fb1f9627b1a3bae11e9fa20dffc96e136bd734a2f3cf92a0d05bedd42cfe/lib/language_pack/base.rb:45:in `instrument' remote: from /app/tmp/buildpacks/f6d48d8a14fccbb19c0c0402fca224929d18e9ee042b3e204bc5992612e990d3b3a0fb1f9627b1a3bae11e9fa20dffc96e136bd734a2f3cf92a0d05bedd42cfe/lib/language_pack/rails3.rb:41:in `compile' remote: from /app/tmp/buildpacks/f6d48d8a14fccbb19c0c0402fca224929d18e9ee042b3e204bc5992612e990d3b3a0fb1f9627b1a3bae11e9fa20dffc96e136bd734a2f3cf92a0d05bedd42cfe/lib/language_pack/rails4.rb:41:in `block in compile' remote: from /app/tmp/buildpacks/f6d48d8a14fccbb19c0c0402fca224929d18e9ee042b3e204bc5992612e990d3b3a0fb1f9627b1a3bae11e9fa20dffc96e136bd734a2f3cf92a0d05bedd42cfe/lib/language_pack/instrument.rb:18:in `block (2 levels) in instrument' remote: from /app/tmp/buildpacks/f6d48d8a14fccbb19c0c0402fca224929d18e9ee042b3e204bc5992612e990d3b3a0fb1f9627b1a3bae11e9fa20dffc96e136bd734a2f3cf92a0d05bedd42cfe/lib/language_pack/instrument.rb:40:in `yield_with_block_depth' remote: from /app/tmp/buildpacks/f6d48d8a14fccbb19c0c0402fca224929d18e9ee042b3e204bc5992612e990d3b3a0fb1f9627b1a3bae11e9fa20dffc96e136bd734a2f3cf92a0d05bedd42cfe/lib/language_pack/instrument.rb:17:in `block in instrument' remote: from /app/tmp/buildpacks/f6d48d8a14fccbb19c0c0402fca224929d18e9ee042b3e204bc5992612e990d3b3a0fb1f9627b1a3bae11e9fa20dffc96e136bd734a2f3cf92a0d05bedd42cfe/vendor/ruby/cedar-14/lib/ruby/2.3.0/benchmark.rb:308:in `realtime' remote: from /app/tmp/buildpacks/f6d48d8a14fccbb19c0c0402fca224929d18e9ee042b3e204bc5992612e990d3b3a0fb1f9627b1a3bae11e9fa20dffc96e136bd734a2f3cf92a0d05bedd42cfe/lib/language_pack/instrument.rb:16:in `instrument' remote: from /app/tmp/buildpacks/f6d48d8a14fccbb19c0c0402fca224929d18e9ee042b3e204bc5992612e990d3b3a0fb1f9627b1a3bae11e9fa20dffc96e136bd734a2f3cf92a0d05bedd42cfe/lib/language_pack/base.rb:49:in `instrument' remote: from /app/tmp/buildpacks/f6d48d8a14fccbb19c0c0402fca224929d18e9ee042b3e204bc5992612e990d3b3a0fb1f9627b1a3bae11e9fa20dffc96e136bd734a2f3cf92a0d05bedd42cfe/lib/language_pack/base.rb:45:in `instrument' remote: from /app/tmp/buildpacks/f6d48d8a14fccbb19c0c0402fca224929d18e9ee042b3e204bc5992612e990d3b3a0fb1f9627b1a3bae11e9fa20dffc96e136bd734a2f3cf92a0d05bedd42cfe/lib/language_pack/rails4.rb:40:in `compile' remote: from /app/tmp/buildpacks/f6d48d8a14fccbb19c0c0402fca224929d18e9ee042b3e204bc5992612e990d3b3a0fb1f9627b1a3bae11e9fa20dffc96e136bd734a2f3cf92a0d05bedd42cfe/bin/support/ruby_compile:20:in `block (2 levels) in ' remote: from /app/tmp/buildpacks/f6d48d8a14fccbb19c0c0402fca224929d18e9ee042b3e204bc5992612e990d3b3a0fb1f9627b1a3bae11e9fa20dffc96e136bd734a2f3cf92a0d05bedd42cfe/lib/language_pack/base.rb:132:in `log' remote: from /app/tmp/buildpacks/f6d48d8a14fccbb19c0c0402fca224929d18e9ee042b3e204bc5992612e990d3b3a0fb1f9627b1a3bae11e9fa20dffc96e136bd734a2f3cf92a0d05bedd42cfe/bin/support/ruby_compile:19:in `block in ' remote: from /app/tmp/buildpacks/f6d48d8a14fccbb19c0c0402fca224929d18e9ee042b3e204bc5992612e990d3b3a0fb1f9627b1a3bae11e9fa20dffc96e136bd734a2f3cf92a0d05bedd42cfe/lib/language_pack/instrument.rb:35:in `block in trace' remote: from /app/tmp/buildpacks/f6d48d8a14fccbb19c0c0402fca224929d18e9ee042b3e204bc5992612e990d3b3a0fb1f9627b1a3bae11e9fa20dffc96e136bd734a2f3cf92a0d05bedd42cfe/lib/language_pack/instrument.rb:18:in `block (2 levels) in instrument' remote: from /app/tmp/buildpacks/f6d48d8a14fccbb19c0c0402fca224929d18e9ee042b3e204bc5992612e990d3b3a0fb1f9627b1a3bae11e9fa20dffc96e136bd734a2f3cf92a0d05bedd42cfe/lib/language_pack/instrument.rb:40:in `yield_with_block_depth' remote: from /app/tmp/buildpacks/f6d48d8a14fccbb19c0c0402fca224929d18e9ee042b3e204bc5992612e990d3b3a0fb1f9627b1a3bae11e9fa20dffc96e136bd734a2f3cf92a0d05bedd42cfe/lib/language_pack/instrument.rb:17:in `block in instrument' remote: from /app/tmp/buildpacks/f6d48d8a14fccbb19c0c0402fca224929d18e9ee042b3e204bc5992612e990d3b3a0fb1f9627b1a3bae11e9fa20dffc96e136bd734a2f3cf92a0d05bedd42cfe/vendor/ruby/cedar-14/lib/ruby/2.3.0/benchmark.rb:308:in `realtime' remote: from /app/tmp/buildpacks/f6d48d8a14fccbb19c0c0402fca224929d18e9ee042b3e204bc5992612e990d3b3a0fb1f9627b1a3bae11e9fa20dffc96e136bd734a2f3cf92a0d05bedd42cfe/lib/language_pack/instrument.rb:16:in `instrument' remote: from /app/tmp/buildpacks/f6d48d8a14fccbb19c0c0402fca224929d18e9ee042b3e204bc5992612e990d3b3a0fb1f9627b1a3bae11e9fa20dffc96e136bd734a2f3cf92a0d05bedd42cfe/lib/language_pack/instrument.rb:35:in `trace' remote: from /app/tmp/buildpacks/f6d48d8a14fccbb19c0c0402fca224929d18e9ee042b3e204bc5992612e990d3b3a0fb1f9627b1a3bae11e9fa20dffc96e136bd734a2f3cf92a0d05bedd42cfe/bin/support/ruby_compile:15:in `' remote: ! Push rejected, failed to compile Ruby app. remote: remote: ! Push failed remote: Verifying deploy... remote: remote: ! Push rejected to cryptic-bastion-24389. remote: To https://git.heroku.com/cryptic-bastion-24389.git ! [remote rejected] master -> master (pre-receive hook declined) error: failed to push some refs to 'https://git.heroku.com/cryptic-bastion-24389.git' 注意到这个消息：
remote: -----> Installing node-v6.10.0-linux-x64 remote: -----> Detecting rake tasks remote: sh: 2: Syntax error: Unterminated quoted string remote: sh: 2: Syntax error: Unterminated quoted string remote: ! remote: ! Could not detect rake tasks remote: ! ensure you can run `$ bundle exec rake -P` against your app remote: ! and using the production group of your Gemfile. remote: ! rake aborted! remote: ! NoMethodError: undefined method `load_defaults' for #
我在我的文件中查找代码以查看调用“load_defaults”的位置，它似乎来自我的应用程序目录> config中的application.rb文件
require_relative 'boot' require 'rails/all' # Require the gems listed in Gemfile, including any gems # you've limited to :test, :development, or :production. Bundler.require(*Rails.groups) module HelloApp class Application < Rails::Application # Initialize configuration defaults for originally generated Rails version. config.load_defaults 5.1 # Settings in config/environments/* take precedence over those specified here. # Application configuration should go into files in config/initializers # -- all .rb files in that directory are automatically loaded. end end
但是我尝试查找相同的错误消息并执行所有建议的消息，但我仍然无法将我的应用程序推送到Heroku，总是再次得到完全相同的错误。 我仍然不确定“remote：sh：2：语法错误：未终止引用的字符串”甚至意味着什么。
我假设整个问题都与我的gem有关，所以这里是我的Gemfile文件的内容：
source 'https://rubygems.org' gem 'rails', '5.0.1' gem 'puma', '3.4.0' gem 'sass-rails', '5.0.6' gem 'uglifier', '3.0.0' gem 'coffee-rails', '4.2.1' gem 'jquery-rails', '4.1.1' gem 'turbolinks', '5.0.1' gem 'jbuilder', '2.4.1' group :development, :test do gem 'sqlite3', '1.3.12' gem 'byebug', '9.0.0', platform: :mri end group :development do gem 'web-console', '3.1.1' gem 'listen', '3.0.8' gem 'spring', '1.7.2' gem 'spring-watcher-listen', '2.0.0' end group :production do gem 'pg', '0.18.4' end # Windows does not include zoneinfo files, so bundle the tzinfo-data gem gem 'tzinfo-data', platforms: [:mingw, :mswin, :x64_mingw, :jruby]
是的我已经执行了捆绑安装 – 没有任何生产。 从一开始就没有运气。 AFAIK我遵循了铁路教程书第一章的所有步骤。
输出“bundle exec install”
install: missing file operand
和“捆绑exec安装？”，
sh: 1: install?: not found
转到config/application.rb然后将这段代码config.load_defaults 5.1这样注释掉： #config.load_defaults 5.1 （插入一个“＃”）或者你可以删除这段代码，但是如果你以后需要这个代码那么它会更好只是评论出来。
我有同样的问题，评论出来并且工作正常。
好吧，首先，我要为20分钟后自己提出问题并自行寻找解决方案而道歉。
虽然我不确定究竟出现了什么故障，但我确实将其缩小到不同版本的Rails和其他gem，因为我使用的是旧版特定版本，即railsstutorial.org / book，指示我使用。
我所做的是使用命令rails new为我的Gemfile提供的所有默认gem，而不指定版本或pg gem的生产组以外的任何东西。
修复它的Gemfile代码：
source 'https://rubygems.org' git_source(:github) do |repo_name| repo_name = "#{repo_name}/#{repo_name}" unless repo_name.include?("/") "https://github.com/#{repo_name}.git" end # Bundle edge Rails instead: gem 'rails', github: 'rails/rails' gem 'rails', '~> 5.1.0' # Use Puma as the app server gem 'puma', '~> 3.7' # Use SCSS for stylesheets gem 'sass-rails', '~> 5.0' # Use Uglifier as compressor for JavaScript assets gem 'uglifier', '>= 1.3.0' # See https://github.com/rails/execjs#readme for more supported runtimes # gem 'therubyracer', platforms: :ruby # Use CoffeeScript for .coffee assets and views gem 'coffee-rails', '~> 4.2' # Turbolinks makes navigating your web application faster. Read more: https://github.com/turbolinks/turbolinks gem 'turbolinks', '~> 5' # Build JSON APIs with ease. Read more: https://github.com/rails/jbuilder gem 'jbuilder', '~> 2.5' # Use Redis adapter to run Action Cable in production # gem 'redis', '~> 3.0' # Use ActiveModel has_secure_password # gem 'bcrypt', '~> 3.1.7' # Use Capistrano for deployment # gem 'capistrano-rails', group: :development group :production do gem 'pg' end group :development, :test do # Use sqlite3 as the database for Active Record gem 'sqlite3' # Call 'byebug' anywhere in the code to stop execution and get a debugger console gem 'byebug', platforms: [:mri, :mingw, :x64_mingw] # Adds support for Capybara system testing and selenium driver gem 'capybara', '~> 2.13.0' gem 'selenium-webdriver' end group :development do # Access an IRB console on exception pages or by using <%= console %> anywhere in the code. gem 'web-console', '>= 3.3.0' gem 'listen', '>= 3.0.5', '< 3.2' # Spring speeds up development by keeping your application running in the background. Read more: https://github.com/rails/spring gem 'spring' gem 'spring-watcher-listen', '~> 2.0.0' end # Windows does not include zoneinfo files, so bundle the tzinfo-data gem gem 'tzinfo-data', platforms: [:mingw, :mswin, :x64_mingw, :jruby]
好的，只需尝试捆绑并报告结果。 如果它报告您缺少bundler，则运行gem install bundler
它正在尝试使用/usr/lib gems文件夹。 您可以使用它查看gems文件夹：
bundle show --paths
当我在项目文件夹上的./vendor/bundle上安装了所有Gems时，它运行正常。
bundle install --path vendor/bundle