未初始化的常量ApplicationRecord错误
我正在关注RailsTutorial，并且已经创建了具有适当的attrs和validation的Users模型。 我遇到了这个错误，无法看到问题出在哪里。 使用Rails5配置项目，因此inheritanceApplicationRecord的模型应该是正确的：
User.rb：
class User < ApplicationRecord before_save { self.email = email.downcase } validates :name, presence: true, length: { maximum: 50 } VALID_EMAIL_REGEX = /\A([\w+\-].?)+@[az\d\-]+(\.[az]+)*\.[az]+\z/i validates :email, presence: true, length: { maximum: 255 }, format: { with: VALID_EMAIL_REGEX }, uniqueness: { case_sensitive: false } has_secure_password validates :password, length: { minimum: 6 } 结束
的Gemfile：
source 'https://rubygems.org' ruby '2.3.0' gem 'rails', '5.0.0.1' gem 'bcrypt', '3.1.11' gem 'faker', '1.6.3' gem 'carrierwave', '0.11.2' gem 'mini_magick', '4.5.1' gem 'fog', '1.38.0' gem 'will_paginate', '3.1.0' gem 'bootstrap-will_paginate', '0.0.10' gem 'bootstrap-sass', '3.3.6' gem 'puma', '3.4.0' gem 'sass-rails', '5.0.6' gem 'uglifier', '3.0.0' gem 'coffee-rails', '4.2.1' gem 'jquery-rails', '4.1.1' gem 'turbolinks', '5.0.1' gem 'jbuilder', '2.4.1' group :development, :test do gem 'sqlite3', '1.3.11' gem 'byebug', '9.0.0', platform: :mri end group :development do gem 'web-console', '3.1.1' gem 'listen', '3.0.8' gem 'spring', '1.7.2' gem 'spring-watcher-listen', '2.0.0' end group :test do gem 'rails-controller-testing', '0.1.1' gem 'minitest-reporters', '1.1.9' gem 'guard', '2.13.0' gem 'guard-minitest', '2.4.4' end group :production do gem 'pg', '0.18.4' end # Windows does not include zoneinfo files, so bundle the tzinfo-data gem gem 'tzinfo-data', platforms: [:mingw, :mswin, :x64_mingw, :jruby]
Gemfile.lock的：
GEM remote: https://rubygems.org/ specs: CFPropertyList (2.3.2) actioncable (5.0.0.1) actionpack (= 5.0.0.1) nio4r (~> 1.2) websocket-driver (~> 0.6.1) actionmailer (5.0.0.1) actionpack (= 5.0.0.1) actionview (= 5.0.0.1) activejob (= 5.0.0.1) mail (~> 2.5, >= 2.5.4) rails-dom-testing (~> 2.0) actionpack (5.0.0.1) actionview (= 5.0.0.1) activesupport (= 5.0.0.1) rack (~> 2.0) rack-test (~> 0.6.3) rails-dom-testing (~> 2.0) rails-html-sanitizer (~> 1.0, >= 1.0.2) actionview (5.0.0.1) activesupport (= 5.0.0.1) builder (~> 3.1) erubis (~> 2.7.0) rails-dom-testing (~> 2.0) rails-html-sanitizer (~> 1.0, >= 1.0.2) activejob (5.0.0.1) activesupport (= 5.0.0.1) globalid (>= 0.3.6) activemodel (5.0.0.1) activesupport (= 5.0.0.1) activerecord (5.0.0.1) activemodel (= 5.0.0.1) activesupport (= 5.0.0.1) arel (~> 7.0) activesupport (5.0.0.1) concurrent-ruby (~> 1.0, >= 1.0.2) i18n (~> 0.7) minitest (~> 5.1) tzinfo (~> 1.1) ansi (1.5.0) arel (7.1.1) autoprefixer-rails (6.4.1) execjs bcrypt (3.1.11) bootstrap-sass (3.3.6) autoprefixer-rails (>= 5.2.1) sass (>= 3.3.4) bootstrap-will_paginate (0.0.10) will_paginate builder (3.2.2) byebug (9.0.0) carrierwave (0.11.2) activemodel (>= 3.2.0) activesupport (>= 3.2.0) json (>= 1.7) mime-types (>= 1.16) mimemagic (>= 0.3.0) coderay (1.1.1) coffee-rails (4.2.1) coffee-script (>= 2.2.0) railties (>= 4.0.0, 0.5) ffi (1.9.14) fission (0.5.0) CFPropertyList (~> 2.2) fog (1.38.0) fog-aliyun (>= 0.1.0) fog-atmos fog-aws (>= 0.6.0) fog-brightbox (~> 0.4) fog-cloudatcost (~> 0.1.0) fog-core (~> 1.32) fog-dynect (~> 0.0.2) fog-ecloud (~> 0.1) fog-google (= 0.1.1) fog-profitbricks fog-rackspace fog-radosgw (>= 0.0.2) fog-riakcs fog-sakuracloud (>= 0.0.4) fog-serverlove fog-softlayer fog-storm_on_demand fog-terremark fog-vmfusion fog-voxel fog-vsphere (>= 0.4.0) fog-xenserver fog-xml (~> 0.1.1) ipaddress (~> 0.5) fog-aliyun (0.1.0) fog-core (~> 1.27) fog-json (~> 1.0) ipaddress (~> 0.8) xml-simple (~> 1.1) fog-atmos (0.1.0) fog-core fog-xml fog-aws (0.11.0) fog-core (~> 1.38) fog-json (~> 1.0) fog-xml (~> 0.1) ipaddress (~> 0.8) fog-brightbox (0.11.0) fog-core (~> 1.22) fog-json inflecto (~> 0.0.2) fog-cloudatcost (0.1.2) fog-core (~> 1.36) fog-json (~> 1.0) fog-xml (~> 0.1) ipaddress (~> 0.8) fog-core (1.42.0) builder excon (~> 0.49) formatador (~> 0.2) fog-dynect (0.0.3) fog-core fog-json fog-xml fog-ecloud (0.3.0) fog-core fog-xml fog-google (0.1.0) fog-core fog-json fog-xml fog-json (1.0.2) fog-core (~> 1.0) multi_json (~> 1.10) fog-local (0.3.0) fog-core (~> 1.27) fog-openstack (0.1.12) fog-core (>= 1.40) fog-json (>= 1.0) ipaddress (>= 0.8) fog-powerdns (0.1.1) fog-core (~> 1.27) fog-json (~> 1.0) fog-xml (~> 0.1) fog-profitbricks (0.0.5) fog-core fog-xml nokogiri fog-rackspace (0.1.1) fog-core (>= 1.35) fog-json (>= 1.0) fog-xml (>= 0.1) ipaddress (>= 0.8) fog-radosgw (0.0.5) fog-core (>= 1.21.0) fog-json fog-xml (>= 0.0.1) fog-riakcs (0.1.0) fog-core fog-json fog-xml fog-sakuracloud (1.7.5) fog-core fog-json fog-serverlove (0.1.2) fog-core fog-json fog-softlayer (1.1.4) fog-core fog-json fog-storm_on_demand (0.1.1) fog-core fog-json fog-terremark (0.1.0) fog-core fog-xml fog-vmfusion (0.1.0) fission fog-core fog-voxel (0.1.0) fog-core fog-xml fog-vsphere (1.0.1) fog-core rbvmomi (~> 1.8.0) fog-xenserver (0.2.3) fog-core fog-xml fog-xml (0.1.2) fog-core nokogiri (~> 1.5, >= 1.5.11) formatador (0.2.5) globalid (0.3.7) activesupport (>= 4.1.0) guard (2.13.0) formatador (>= 0.2.4) listen (>= 2.7, 1.0) nenv (~> 0.1) notiffany (~> 0.0) pry (>= 0.9.12) shellany (~> 0.0) thor (>= 0.18.1) guard-compat (1.2.1) guard-minitest (2.4.4) guard-compat (~> 1.2) minitest (>= 3.0) i18n (0.7.0) inflecto (0.0.2) ipaddress (0.8.3) jbuilder (2.4.1) activesupport (>= 3.0.0, 1.2) jquery-rails (4.1.1) rails-dom-testing (>= 1, = 4.2.0) thor (>= 0.14, 0.9, >= 0.9.4) rb-inotify (~> 0.9, >= 0.9.7) loofah (2.0.3) nokogiri (>= 1.5.9) lumberjack (1.0.10) mail (2.6.4) mime-types (>= 1.16, 3.2015) mime-types-data (3.2016.0521) mimemagic (0.3.2) mini_magick (4.5.1) mini_portile2 (2.1.0) minitest (5.9.0) minitest-reporters (1.1.9) ansi builder minitest (>= 5.0) ruby-progressbar multi_json (1.12.1) nenv (0.3.0) nio4r (1.2.1) nokogiri (1.6.8) mini_portile2 (~> 2.1.0) pkg-config (~> 1.1.7) notiffany (0.1.1) nenv (~> 0.1) shellany (~> 0.0) pg (0.18.4) pkg-config (1.1.7) pry (0.10.4) coderay (~> 1.1.0) method_source (~> 0.8.1) slop (~> 3.4) puma (3.4.0) rack (2.0.1) rack-test (0.6.3) rack (>= 1.0) rails (5.0.0.1) actioncable (= 5.0.0.1) actionmailer (= 5.0.0.1) actionpack (= 5.0.0.1) actionview (= 5.0.0.1) activejob (= 5.0.0.1) activemodel (= 5.0.0.1) activerecord (= 5.0.0.1) activesupport (= 5.0.0.1) bundler (>= 1.3.0, = 2.0.0) rails-controller-testing (0.1.1) actionpack (~> 5.x) actionview (~> 5.x) activesupport (~> 5.x) rails-dom-testing (2.0.1) activesupport (>= 4.2.0, 1.6.0) rails-html-sanitizer (1.0.3) loofah (~> 2.0) railties (5.0.0.1) actionpack (= 5.0.0.1) activesupport (= 5.0.0.1) method_source rake (>= 0.8.7) thor (>= 0.18.1, = 0.5.0) rbvmomi (1.8.2) builder nokogiri (>= 1.4.1) trollop ruby-progressbar (1.8.1) sass (3.4.22) sass-rails (5.0.6) railties (>= 4.0.0, 3.1) sprockets (>= 2.8, = 2.0, = 1.1, = 2.7, 1.2) sprockets (3.7.0) concurrent-ruby (~> 1.0) rack (> 1, = 4.0) activesupport (>= 4.0) sprockets (>= 3.0.0) sqlite3 (1.3.11) thor (0.19.1) thread_safe (0.3.5) tilt (2.0.5) trollop (2.1.2) turbolinks (5.0.1) turbolinks-source (~> 5) turbolinks-source (5.0.0) tzinfo (1.2.2) thread_safe (~> 0.1) uglifier (3.0.0) execjs (>= 0.3.0, = 4.2) debug_inspector railties (>= 4.2) websocket-driver (0.6.4) websocket-extensions (>= 0.1.0) websocket-extensions (0.1.2) will_paginate (3.1.0) xml-simple (1.1.5) PLATFORMS ruby DEPENDENCIES bcrypt (= 3.1.11) bootstrap-sass (= 3.3.6) bootstrap-will_paginate (= 0.0.10) byebug (= 9.0.0) carrierwave (= 0.11.2) coffee-rails (= 4.2.1) faker (= 1.6.3) fog (= 1.38.0) guard (= 2.13.0) guard-minitest (= 2.4.4) jbuilder (= 2.4.1) jquery-rails (= 4.1.1) listen (= 3.0.8) mini_magick (= 4.5.1) minitest-reporters (= 1.1.9) pg (= 0.18.4) puma (= 3.4.0) rails (= 5.0.0.1) rails-controller-testing (= 0.1.1) sass-rails (= 5.0.6) spring (= 1.7.2) spring-watcher-listen (= 2.0.0) sqlite3 (= 1.3.11) turbolinks (= 5.0.1) tzinfo-data uglifier (= 3.0.0) web-console (= 3.1.1) will_paginate (= 3.1.0) RUBY VERSION ruby 2.3.0p0 BUNDLED WITH 1.12.5
从运行heroku run console Backtrace：
... up, run.9075 (Free) /app/app/models/user.rb:1:in `': uninitialized constant ApplicationRecord (NameError) from /app/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.3.0/gems/activesupport-5.0.0.1/lib/active_support/dependencies/interlock.rb:12:in `block in loading' from /app/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.3.0/gems/activesupport-5.0.0.1/lib/active_support/concurrency/share_lock.rb:117:in `exclusive' from /app/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.3.0/gems/activesupport-5.0.0.1/lib/active_support/dependencies/interlock.rb:11:in `loading' from /app/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.3.0/gems/railties-5.0.0.1/lib/rails/engine.rb:476:in `block (2 levels) in eager_load!' from /app/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.3.0/gems/railties-5.0.0.1/lib/rails/engine.rb:475:in `each' from /app/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.3.0/gems/railties-5.0.0.1/lib/rails/engine.rb:475:in `block in eager_load!' from /app/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.3.0/gems/railties-5.0.0.1/lib/rails/engine.rb:473:in `each' from /app/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.3.0/gems/railties-5.0.0.1/lib/rails/engine.rb:473:in `eager_load!' from /app/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.3.0/gems/railties-5.0.0.1/lib/rails/engine.rb:354:in `eager_load!' from /app/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.3.0/gems/railties-5.0.0.1/lib/rails/application/finisher.rb:59:in `each' from /app/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.3.0/gems/railties-5.0.0.1/lib/rails/application/finisher.rb:59:in `block in ' from /app/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.3.0/gems/railties-5.0.0.1/lib/rails/initializable.rb:30:in `instance_exec' from /app/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.3.0/gems/railties-5.0.0.1/lib/rails/initializable.rb:30:in `run' from /app/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.3.0/gems/railties-5.0.0.1/lib/rails/initializable.rb:55:in `block in run_initializers' from /app/vendor/ruby-2.3.0/lib/ruby/2.3.0/tsort.rb:228:in `block in tsort_each' from /app/vendor/ruby-2.3.0/lib/ruby/2.3.0/tsort.rb:350:in `block (2 levels) in each_strongly_connected_component' from /app/vendor/ruby-2.3.0/lib/ruby/2.3.0/tsort.rb:431:in `each_strongly_connected_component_from' from /app/vendor/ruby-2.3.0/lib/ruby/2.3.0/tsort.rb:349:in `block in each_strongly_connected_component' from /app/vendor/ruby-2.3.0/lib/ruby/2.3.0/tsort.rb:347:in `each' from /app/vendor/ruby-2.3.0/lib/ruby/2.3.0/tsort.rb:347:in `call' from /app/vendor/ruby-2.3.0/lib/ruby/2.3.0/tsort.rb:347:in `each_strongly_connected_component' from /app/vendor/ruby-2.3.0/lib/ruby/2.3.0/tsort.rb:226:in `tsort_each' from /app/vendor/ruby-2.3.0/lib/ruby/2.3.0/tsort.rb:205:in `tsort_each' from /app/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.3.0/gems/railties-5.0.0.1/lib/rails/initializable.rb:54:in `run_initializers' from /app/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.3.0/gems/railties-5.0.0.1/lib/rails/application.rb:352:in `initialize!' from /app/config/environment.rb:5:in `' from /app/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.3.0/gems/railties-5.0.0.1/lib/rails/application.rb:328:in `require' from /app/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.3.0/gems/railties-5.0.0.1/lib/rails/application.rb:328:in `require_environment!' from /app/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.3.0/gems/railties-5.0.0.1/lib/rails/commands/commands_tasks.rb:157:in `require_application_and_environment!' from /app/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.3.0/gems/railties-5.0.0.1/lib/rails/commands/commands_tasks.rb:77:in `console' from /app/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.3.0/gems/railties-5.0.0.1/lib/rails/commands/commands_tasks.rb:49:in `run_command!' from /app/vendor/bundle/ruby/2.3.0/gems/railties-5.0.0.1/lib/rails/commands.rb:18:in `' from bin/rails:9:in `require' from bin/rails:9:in `'
的boot.rb：
ENV['BUNDLE_GEMFILE'] ||= File.expand_path('../../Gemfile', __FILE__) require 'bundler/setup' # Set up gems listed in the Gemfile.
控制器histroy，它的价值：
387 cd RailsTutorial/ 388 cd sample_app/ 389 subl . 390 git st 391 rails g migration add_password_digest_to_users password_digest:string 392 bundle exec rake db:migrate 393 rails console 394 git st 395 git add , 396 git add . 397 git commit -am 'Make basic user model (inc secure passwords)" 398 ' 399 git br 400 git co master 401 git push origin master 402 git push heroku 403 heroku run rake db:migrate 404 heroku run console 405 heroku run console --sandbox 406 heroku run rake db:migrate 407 heroku run console --sandbox 408 git st 409 git commit -am "Updating has_secure_password in User model" 410 ' 411 git commit -am "Updating has_secure_password in User model" 412 ' 413 git commit -am "Updating has_secure_password in User model" 414 git add . 415 git commit -am "Updating has_secure_password in User model" 416 git push origin master 417 git push heroku master 418 heroku run rake db:migrate 419 heroku console --sandbox 420 heroku console --sandbox 421 heroku run console --sandbox 422 git push heroku master 423 git st 424 heroku run console --sandbox 425 heroku run console 426 git st 427 git br 428 git commit -am 'bugging < ApplicationRecord error' 429 git push origin master 430 git push heroku master 431 heroku run rake db:migrate 432 herokue run console --sandbox 433 heroku run console --sandbox 434 rails s 435 git diff 436 git st 437 git br 438 git co modelling-users 439 git st 440 git co master 441 bundle exec guard 442 ruby /test/integration/site_layout_test.rb --name layout links 443 ruby /test/integration/site_layout_test.rb 444 ruby test/integration/site_layout_test.rb 445 rake test 446 rake test/integration/site_layout_test.rb 447 rake test/integration/site_layout_test.rb 448 ruby /test/integration/site_layout_test.rb --name layout links 449 ruby test/integration/site_layout_test.rb --name layout links 450 rake test TEST=test/integration/site_layout_test.rb 451 rake test TEST=test/integration/site_layout_test.rb name- layout links 452 ruby test/integration/site_layout_test.rb name- layout links 453 ruby test/integration/site_layout_test.rb --name layout links 454 rake test TEST=test/integration/site_layout_test.rb --name layout links 455 rake test TEST=test/integration/site_layout_test.rb --name layout links 456 ruby -Itest test/integration/site_layout_test.rb --name layout links 457 ruby -Itest test/integration/site_layout_test.rb --name layout_links 458 ruby -Itest test/integration/site_layout_test.rb --name layout_links 459 rake test TEST=test/integration/site_layout_test.rb 460 bundle exec guard 461 bundle exec guard 462 bundle exec guard 463 git st 464 git add . 465 git st 466 git st 467 git commit -am 'adding, migrating and testing user model with name and email attrs' 468 git st 469 git push origina master 470 git push heroku 471 git push heroku 472 bundle exec guard 473 bundle exec guard 474 bundle exec guard 475 rails s 476 rails s 477 rails s 478 pswl 479 psql 480 pwd 481 cd Code/ 482 ls 483 cd RailsTutorial/sample_app/ 484 rails test 485 rails test:models 486 bundle exec rake db:migrate 487 rails test:models 488 ls 489 git st 490 git diff 491 rails test:models 492 git st 493 git add . 494 git commit -am 'debugging ApplicationRecord' 495 git br 496 rails test 497 git push heroku master 498 heroku run rake db:migrate 499 heroku run console 500 pwd 501 cd Code/RailsTutorial/sample_app/ 502 rails test 503 subl . 504 psql 505 rails test 506 rails test 507 git history 508 git hist 509 history
刚刚浏览完整个目录文件，看到我的迁移目录和内容完全消失了。 V奇怪。 schema.rb是完全最新的。 上面的命令历史记录显示了自上次查看迁移目录及其正确的迁移文件内容以来所执行的操作。 不幸的是，在生成整个模型之前，之前的git commit因此没有提交这些迁移内容
有关如何让我摆脱业余困惑的任何想法？ 谢谢
使用以下内容创建名为app / models / application_record.rb的新文件：
class ApplicationRecord < ActiveRecord::Base self.abstract_class = true end
事实certificate我错误地从创建迁移和模型的品牌中检出，然后返回到没有这些迁移和模型的主分支。 如果没有那些模型，那么application_record.rb文件也不会是uninitialized constant ApplicationRecord的错误。