为什么我的PostgreSQL数组索引没有被使用(Rails 4)?

我有一个PostgreSQL字符串数组作为表中的列。 我使用GIN方法创建了一个索引。 但是任何查询都不会使用索引(相反,他们使用filter对整个表进行顺序扫描)。 我错过了什么?

这是我的迁移:

class CreateDocuments < ActiveRecord::Migration def up create_table :documents do |t| t.string :title t.string :tags, array: true, default: [] t.timestamps end add_index :documents, :tags, using: 'gin' (1..100000).each do |i| tags = [] tags << 'even' if (i % 2) == 0 tags << 'odd' if (i % 2) == 1 tags << 'divisible by 3' if (i % 3) == 0 tags << 'divisible by 4' if (i % 4) == 0 tags << 'divisible by 5' if (i % 5) == 0 Document.create( title: i, tags: tags ) end end def down drop_table :documents end end 

这是我的查询,结果是行数。

 Document.where("'divisible by 5' = ANY (tags)").explain Document Load (249.8ms) SELECT "documents".* FROM "documents" WHERE ('divisible by 5' = ANY (tags)) D, [2014-03-07T17:09:49.689709 #41937] DEBUG -- : Document Load (249.8ms) SELECT "documents".* FROM "documents" WHERE ('divisible by 5' = ANY (tags)) => EXPLAIN for: SELECT "documents".* FROM "documents" WHERE ('divisible by 5' = ANY (tags)) QUERY PLAN ----------------------------------------------------------------- Seq Scan on documents (cost=0.00..3500.00 rows=20057 width=69) Filter: ('divisible by 5'::text = ANY ((tags)::text[])) (2 rows) Document.where("'divisible by 5' = ANY (tags)").length Document Load (258.0ms) SELECT "documents".* FROM "documents" WHERE ('divisible by 5' = ANY (tags)) D, [2014-03-07T17:09:55.536517 #41937] DEBUG -- : Document Load (258.0ms) SELECT "documents".* FROM "documents" WHERE ('divisible by 5' = ANY (tags)) => 20000 

要使用GIN索引,请使用<@ (“包含在”)运算符而不是ANY构造 。

该手册在此声明默认GIN索引目前仅支持这些运算符(附加function随附扩展):

 <@ @> = && 

所以试试这个查询:

 Document.where("'{divisible by 5}' <@ tags").explain 

请注意,左侧也需要采用array notation ,即使它是单个元素。 运算符<@适用于数组 。 因此'{divisible by 5}'