railstutorial.org，第6章。未知属性：密码
我已经完成了railstutorial的第6章，但是在我添加了password和password_confirmation以及以下错误后，我的所有用户模型规范都开始失败：
Failures: 1) User Failure/Error: @user = User.new(name: "Example User", email: "user@example.com", ActiveRecord::UnknownAttributeError: unknown attribute: password # ./spec/models/user_spec.rb:17:in `new' # ./spec/models/user_spec.rb:17:in `block (2 levels) in ' 2) User Failure/Error: @user = User.new(name: "Example User", email: "user@example.com", ActiveRecord::UnknownAttributeError: unknown attribute: password # ./spec/models/user_spec.rb:17:in `new' # ./spec/models/user_spec.rb:17:in `block (2 levels) in ' 3) User Failure/Error: @user = User.new(name: "Example User", email: "user@example.com", ActiveRecord::UnknownAttributeError: unknown attribute: password # ./spec/models/user_spec.rb:17:in `new' # ./spec/models/user_spec.rb:17:in `block (2 levels) in ' 4) User Failure/Error: @user = User.new(name: "Example User", email: "user@example.com", ActiveRecord::UnknownAttributeError: unknown attribute: password # ./spec/models/user_spec.rb:17:in `new' # ./spec/models/user_spec.rb:17:in `block (2 levels) in ' 5) User Failure/Error: @user = User.new(name: "Example User", email: "user@example.com", ActiveRecord::UnknownAttributeError: unknown attribute: password # ./spec/models/user_spec.rb:17:in `new' # ./spec/models/user_spec.rb:17:in `block (2 levels) in ' 6) User Failure/Error: @user = User.new(name: "Example User", email: "user@example.com", ActiveRecord::UnknownAttributeError: unknown attribute: password # ./spec/models/user_spec.rb:17:in `new' # ./spec/models/user_spec.rb:17:in `block (2 levels) in ' 7) User Failure/Error: @user = User.new(name: "Example User", email: "user@example.com", ActiveRecord::UnknownAttributeError: unknown attribute: password # ./spec/models/user_spec.rb:17:in `new' # ./spec/models/user_spec.rb:17:in `block (2 levels) in ' 8) User when name is not present Failure/Error: @user = User.new(name: "Example User", email: "user@example.com", ActiveRecord::UnknownAttributeError: unknown attribute: password # ./spec/models/user_spec.rb:17:in `new' # ./spec/models/user_spec.rb:17:in `block (2 levels) in ' 9) User when email is not present Failure/Error: @user = User.new(name: "Example User", email: "user@example.com", ActiveRecord::UnknownAttributeError: unknown attribute: password # ./spec/models/user_spec.rb:17:in `new' # ./spec/models/user_spec.rb:17:in `block (2 levels) in ' 10) User when name is too long Failure/Error: @user = User.new(name: "Example User", email: "user@example.com", ActiveRecord::UnknownAttributeError: unknown attribute: password # ./spec/models/user_spec.rb:17:in `new' # ./spec/models/user_spec.rb:17:in `block (2 levels) in ' 11) User when email format is invalid should be invalid Failure/Error: @user = User.new(name: "Example User", email: "user@example.com", ActiveRecord::UnknownAttributeError: unknown attribute: password # ./spec/models/user_spec.rb:17:in `new' # ./spec/models/user_spec.rb:17:in `block (2 levels) in ' 12) User when email format is valid should be valid Failure/Error: @user = User.new(name: "Example User", email: "user@example.com", ActiveRecord::UnknownAttributeError: unknown attribute: password # ./spec/models/user_spec.rb:17:in `new' # ./spec/models/user_spec.rb:17:in `block (2 levels) in ' 13) User when email address is already taken Failure/Error: @user = User.new(name: "Example User", email: "user@example.com", ActiveRecord::UnknownAttributeError: unknown attribute: password # ./spec/models/user_spec.rb:17:in `new' # ./spec/models/user_spec.rb:17:in `block (2 levels) in ' 14) User when password is not present Failure/Error: @user = User.new(name: "Example User", email: "user@example.com", ActiveRecord::UnknownAttributeError: unknown attribute: password # ./spec/models/user_spec.rb:17:in `new' # ./spec/models/user_spec.rb:17:in `block (2 levels) in ' 15) User when password confirmation is nil Failure/Error: @user = User.new(name: "Example User", email: "user@example.com", ActiveRecord::UnknownAttributeError: unknown attribute: password # ./spec/models/user_spec.rb:17:in `new' # ./spec/models/user_spec.rb:17:in `block (2 levels) in ' 16) User when password doesn't match confirmation Failure/Error: @user = User.new(name: "Example User", email: "user@example.com", ActiveRecord::UnknownAttributeError: unknown attribute: password # ./spec/models/user_spec.rb:17:in `new' # ./spec/models/user_spec.rb:17:in `block (2 levels) in ' 17) User return value of authenticate method with valid password Failure/Error: @user = User.new(name: "Example User", email: "user@example.com", ActiveRecord::UnknownAttributeError: unknown attribute: password # ./spec/models/user_spec.rb:17:in `new' # ./spec/models/user_spec.rb:17:in `block (2 levels) in ' 18) User return value of authenticate method with invalid password Failure/Error: @user = User.new(name: "Example User", email: "user@example.com", ActiveRecord::UnknownAttributeError: unknown attribute: password # ./spec/models/user_spec.rb:17:in `new' # ./spec/models/user_spec.rb:17:in `block (2 levels) in ' 19) User return value of authenticate method with invalid password Failure/Error: @user = User.new(name: "Example User", email: "user@example.com", ActiveRecord::UnknownAttributeError: unknown attribute: password # ./spec/models/user_spec.rb:17:in `new' # ./spec/models/user_spec.rb:17:in `block (2 levels) in ' 20) User with a password that's too short Failure/Error: @user = User.new(name: "Example User", email: "user@example.com", ActiveRecord::UnknownAttributeError: unknown attribute: password # ./spec/models/user_spec.rb:17:in `new' # ./spec/models/user_spec.rb:17:in `block (2 levels) in ' Finished in 7.43 seconds 39 examples, 20 failures, 5 pending Failed examples: rspec ./spec/models/user_spec.rb:22 # User rspec ./spec/models/user_spec.rb:23 # User rspec ./spec/models/user_spec.rb:24 # User rspec ./spec/models/user_spec.rb:25 # User rspec ./spec/models/user_spec.rb:26 # User rspec ./spec/models/user_spec.rb:27 # User rspec ./spec/models/user_spec.rb:28 # User rspec ./spec/models/user_spec.rb:32 # User when name is not present rspec ./spec/models/user_spec.rb:37 # User when email is not present rspec ./spec/models/user_spec.rb:42 # User when name is too long rspec ./spec/models/user_spec.rb:46 # User when email format is invalid should be invalid rspec ./spec/models/user_spec.rb:57 # User when email format is valid should be valid rspec ./spec/models/user_spec.rb:73 # User when email address is already taken rspec ./spec/models/user_spec.rb:78 # User when password is not present rspec ./spec/models/user_spec.rb:83 # User when password confirmation is nil rspec ./spec/models/user_spec.rb:88 # User when password doesn't match confirmation rspec ./spec/models/user_spec.rb:96 # User return value of authenticate method with valid password rspec ./spec/models/user_spec.rb:102 # User return value of authenticate method with invalid password rspec ./spec/models/user_spec.rb:103 # User return value of authenticate method with invalid password rspec ./spec/models/user_spec.rb:109 # User with a password that's too short rake aborted!
用户模型可以在这里找到现在，我已经将源与原始进行了比较，但似乎我遗漏了一些东西。 不要它是什么
谁能告诉我为什么会出现这个错误？
加：
attr_accessor :password, :password_confirmation
然后，本教程将使您在password_digest保存摘要
如果尚未执行此操作，只需将has_secure_password添加到用户模型文件中即可。
class User < ActiveRecord::Base attr_accessible :email, :name, :password, :password_confirmation has_secure_password # .. end
我刚遇到同样的问题。 我在Cloud9上这样做。
我注意到我的测试也没有全部运行。
刷新我的文件树修复了这两个问题。
我不需要在模型中直接输入：password或：password_confirmation（或者从教程中进行任何编码更改）。
我最后花了几个小时找不到任何答案。 我的问题最终出现在了一个小写的行上：
before_save { self.email = email.downcase }
他指出你可以用我做的不同方式做这条线。 见下文。
https://www.railstutorial.org/book/_single-page#sec-creating_and_authenticating_a_user
在代码清单6.31中，我们可以将赋值编写为self.email = self.email.downcase（其中self指的是当前用户），但在User模型中，self关键字在右侧是可选的：self.email = email.downcase
不要这样做。 它每次都给我错误消息，直到我恢复到before_save { self.email = email.downcase }
并删除： self.email = self.email.downcase
我是一个菜鸟，所以不完全确定为什么这会产生差异，但确实如此。
它产生这些错误是因为before {}块before {}的第一个块试图添加User模型未指定的两个属性 – password和password_confirmation 。
因为这个before {}块在每次测试之前运行（这就是重点），所以每次测试都会出错，并且它们都会失败。 并不是测试本身就失败了，而是ActiveRecord不知道如何处理这些属性，并且在每个测试真正运行之前产生错误：
ActiveRecord::UnknownAttributeError: unknown attribute: password
正如codeneko的回答所说，只需在教程中向前移动并将has_secure_password放在用户模型文件中即可解决此问题。 这告诉ActiveRecord接受password和password confirmation属性，所有测试都将通过。
不幸的是，教程会立即告诉你注释掉has_secure_password所以使用潜水的答案作为替身可能不是一个坏主意，直到教程你取消注释。
我认为接受的答案是，为用户模型添加attr_accessor :password, :password_confirmation是错误的。 因为如果has_secure_password创建这些属性，那意味着它出于某种原因（安全性）。 所以解决方案可能是在创建User测试对象的任何地方调用BCrypt：
require 'bcrypt' @user = User.new(name: 'test', password: BCrypt::Password.create("my password"), password_confirmation: 'my password')
我在这篇文章中写到了这个：
Rails – 未知的属性密码
如果我错了，请纠正我。