致命：角色“根”不存在

我试图用postgresql数据库创建rails应用程序，但是当我创建数据库rake db:migrate bash时显示错误

 FATAL: role "my" does not exist 

如何解决？

对不起，我的英语不好

UPD

 my@my-P5K-SE ~/ror/timonin $ rake db:create FATAL: role "my" does not exist /usr/local/rvm/gems/ruby-2.1.3/gems/activerecord-4.1.4/lib/active_record/connection_adapters/postgresql_adapter.rb:898:in `rescue in connect' /usr/local/rvm/gems/ruby-2.1.3/gems/activerecord-4.1.4/lib/active_record/connection_adapters/postgresql_adapter.rb:888:in `connect' /usr/local/rvm/gems/ruby-2.1.3/gems/activerecord-4.1.4/lib/active_record/connection_adapters/postgresql_adapter.rb:568:in `initialize' /usr/local/rvm/gems/ruby-2.1.3/gems/activerecord-4.1.4/lib/active_record/connection_adapters/postgresql_adapter.rb:41:in `new' /usr/local/rvm/gems/ruby-2.1.3/gems/activerecord-4.1.4/lib/active_record/connection_adapters/postgresql_adapter.rb:41:in `postgresql_connection' /usr/local/rvm/gems/ruby-2.1.3/gems/activerecord-4.1.4/lib/active_record/connection_adapters/abstract/connection_pool.rb:435:in `new_connection' /usr/local/rvm/gems/ruby-2.1.3/gems/activerecord-4.1.4/lib/active_record/connection_adapters/abstract/connection_pool.rb:445:in `checkout_new_connection' /usr/local/rvm/gems/ruby-2.1.3/gems/activerecord-4.1.4/lib/active_record/connection_adapters/abstract/connection_pool.rb:416:in `acquire_connection' /usr/local/rvm/gems/ruby-2.1.3/gems/activerecord-4.1.4/lib/active_record/connection_adapters/abstract/connection_pool.rb:351:in `block in checkout' /usr/local/rvm/rubies/ruby-2.1.3/lib/ruby/2.1.0/monitor.rb:211:in `mon_synchronize' /usr/local/rvm/gems/ruby-2.1.3/gems/activerecord-4.1.4/lib/active_record/connection_adapters/abstract/connection_pool.rb:350:in `checkout' /usr/local/rvm/gems/ruby-2.1.3/gems/activerecord-4.1.4/lib/active_record/connection_adapters/abstract/connection_pool.rb:265:in `block in connection' /usr/local/rvm/rubies/ruby-2.1.3/lib/ruby/2.1.0/monitor.rb:211:in `mon_synchronize' /usr/local/rvm/gems/ruby-2.1.3/gems/activerecord-4.1.4/lib/active_record/connection_adapters/abstract/connection_pool.rb:264:in `connection' /usr/local/rvm/gems/ruby-2.1.3/gems/activerecord-4.1.4/lib/active_record/connection_adapters/abstract/connection_pool.rb:541:in `retrieve_connection' /usr/local/rvm/gems/ruby-2.1.3/gems/activerecord-4.1.4/lib/active_record/connection_handling.rb:113:in `retrieve_connection' /usr/local/rvm/gems/ruby-2.1.3/gems/activerecord-4.1.4/lib/active_record/connection_handling.rb:87:in `connection' /usr/local/rvm/gems/ruby-2.1.3/gems/activerecord-4.1.4/lib/active_record/tasks/postgresql_database_tasks.rb:8:in `connection' /usr/local/rvm/gems/ruby-2.1.3/gems/activerecord-4.1.4/lib/active_record/tasks/postgresql_database_tasks.rb:17:in `create' /usr/local/rvm/gems/ruby-2.1.3/gems/activerecord-4.1.4/lib/active_record/tasks/database_tasks.rb:88:in `create' /usr/local/rvm/gems/ruby-2.1.3/gems/activerecord-4.1.4/lib/active_record/tasks/database_tasks.rb:102:in `block in create_current' /usr/local/rvm/gems/ruby-2.1.3/gems/activerecord-4.1.4/lib/active_record/tasks/database_tasks.rb:209:in `block in each_current_configuration' /usr/local/rvm/gems/ruby-2.1.3/gems/activerecord-4.1.4/lib/active_record/tasks/database_tasks.rb:208:in `each' /usr/local/rvm/gems/ruby-2.1.3/gems/activerecord-4.1.4/lib/active_record/tasks/database_tasks.rb:208:in `each_current_configuration' /usr/local/rvm/gems/ruby-2.1.3/gems/activerecord-4.1.4/lib/active_record/tasks/database_tasks.rb:101:in `create_current' /usr/local/rvm/gems/ruby-2.1.3/gems/activerecord-4.1.4/lib/active_record/railties/databases.rake:17:in `block (2 levels) in ' /usr/local/rvm/gems/ruby-2.1.3/gems/rake-10.3.2/lib/rake/task.rb:240:in `call' /usr/local/rvm/gems/ruby-2.1.3/gems/rake-10.3.2/lib/rake/task.rb:240:in `block in execute' /usr/local/rvm/gems/ruby-2.1.3/gems/rake-10.3.2/lib/rake/task.rb:235:in `each' /usr/local/rvm/gems/ruby-2.1.3/gems/rake-10.3.2/lib/rake/task.rb:235:in `execute' /usr/local/rvm/gems/ruby-2.1.3/gems/rake-10.3.2/lib/rake/task.rb:179:in `block in invoke_with_call_chain' /usr/local/rvm/rubies/ruby-2.1.3/lib/ruby/2.1.0/monitor.rb:211:in `mon_synchronize' /usr/local/rvm/gems/ruby-2.1.3/gems/rake-10.3.2/lib/rake/task.rb:172:in `invoke_with_call_chain' /usr/local/rvm/gems/ruby-2.1.3/gems/rake-10.3.2/lib/rake/task.rb:165:in `invoke' /usr/local/rvm/gems/ruby-2.1.3/gems/rake-10.3.2/lib/rake/application.rb:150:in `invoke_task' /usr/local/rvm/gems/ruby-2.1.3/gems/rake-10.3.2/lib/rake/application.rb:106:in `block (2 levels) in top_level' /usr/local/rvm/gems/ruby-2.1.3/gems/rake-10.3.2/lib/rake/application.rb:106:in `each' /usr/local/rvm/gems/ruby-2.1.3/gems/rake-10.3.2/lib/rake/application.rb:106:in `block in top_level' /usr/local/rvm/gems/ruby-2.1.3/gems/rake-10.3.2/lib/rake/application.rb:115:in `run_with_threads' /usr/local/rvm/gems/ruby-2.1.3/gems/rake-10.3.2/lib/rake/application.rb:100:in `top_level' /usr/local/rvm/gems/ruby-2.1.3/gems/rake-10.3.2/lib/rake/application.rb:78:in `block in run' /usr/local/rvm/gems/ruby-2.1.3/gems/rake-10.3.2/lib/rake/application.rb:176:in `standard_exception_handling' /usr/local/rvm/gems/ruby-2.1.3/gems/rake-10.3.2/lib/rake/application.rb:75:in `run' /usr/local/rvm/gems/ruby-2.1.3/gems/rake-10.3.2/bin/rake:33:in `' /usr/local/rvm/gems/ruby-2.1.3/bin/rake:23:in `load' /usr/local/rvm/gems/ruby-2.1.3/bin/rake:23:in `' /usr/local/rvm/gems/ruby-2.1.3/bin/ruby_executable_hooks:15:in `eval' /usr/local/rvm/gems/ruby-2.1.3/bin/ruby_executable_hooks:15:in `' Couldn't create database for {"adapter"=>"postgresql", "encoding"=>"unicode", "pool"=>5, "database"=>"timonin_development"} FATAL: role "my" does not exist /usr/local/rvm/gems/ruby-2.1.3/gems/activerecord-4.1.4/lib/active_record/connection_adapters/postgresql_adapter.rb:898:in `rescue in connect' /usr/local/rvm/gems/ruby-2.1.3/gems/activerecord-4.1.4/lib/active_record/connection_adapters/postgresql_adapter.rb:888:in `connect' /usr/local/rvm/gems/ruby-2.1.3/gems/activerecord-4.1.4/lib/active_record/connection_adapters/postgresql_adapter.rb:568:in `initialize' /usr/local/rvm/gems/ruby-2.1.3/gems/activerecord-4.1.4/lib/active_record/connection_adapters/postgresql_adapter.rb:41:in `new' /usr/local/rvm/gems/ruby-2.1.3/gems/activerecord-4.1.4/lib/active_record/connection_adapters/postgresql_adapter.rb:41:in `postgresql_connection' /usr/local/rvm/gems/ruby-2.1.3/gems/activerecord-4.1.4/lib/active_record/connection_adapters/abstract/connection_pool.rb:435:in `new_connection' /usr/local/rvm/gems/ruby-2.1.3/gems/activerecord-4.1.4/lib/active_record/connection_adapters/abstract/connection_pool.rb:445:in `checkout_new_connection' /usr/local/rvm/gems/ruby-2.1.3/gems/activerecord-4.1.4/lib/active_record/connection_adapters/abstract/connection_pool.rb:416:in `acquire_connection' /usr/local/rvm/gems/ruby-2.1.3/gems/activerecord-4.1.4/lib/active_record/connection_adapters/abstract/connection_pool.rb:351:in `block in checkout' /usr/local/rvm/rubies/ruby-2.1.3/lib/ruby/2.1.0/monitor.rb:211:in `mon_synchronize' /usr/local/rvm/gems/ruby-2.1.3/gems/activerecord-4.1.4/lib/active_record/connection_adapters/abstract/connection_pool.rb:350:in `checkout' /usr/local/rvm/gems/ruby-2.1.3/gems/activerecord-4.1.4/lib/active_record/connection_adapters/abstract/connection_pool.rb:265:in `block in connection' /usr/local/rvm/rubies/ruby-2.1.3/lib/ruby/2.1.0/monitor.rb:211:in `mon_synchronize' /usr/local/rvm/gems/ruby-2.1.3/gems/activerecord-4.1.4/lib/active_record/connection_adapters/abstract/connection_pool.rb:264:in `connection' /usr/local/rvm/gems/ruby-2.1.3/gems/activerecord-4.1.4/lib/active_record/connection_adapters/abstract/connection_pool.rb:541:in `retrieve_connection' /usr/local/rvm/gems/ruby-2.1.3/gems/activerecord-4.1.4/lib/active_record/connection_handling.rb:113:in `retrieve_connection' /usr/local/rvm/gems/ruby-2.1.3/gems/activerecord-4.1.4/lib/active_record/connection_handling.rb:87:in `connection' /usr/local/rvm/gems/ruby-2.1.3/gems/activerecord-4.1.4/lib/active_record/tasks/postgresql_database_tasks.rb:8:in `connection' /usr/local/rvm/gems/ruby-2.1.3/gems/activerecord-4.1.4/lib/active_record/tasks/postgresql_database_tasks.rb:17:in `create' /usr/local/rvm/gems/ruby-2.1.3/gems/activerecord-4.1.4/lib/active_record/tasks/database_tasks.rb:88:in `create' /usr/local/rvm/gems/ruby-2.1.3/gems/activerecord-4.1.4/lib/active_record/tasks/database_tasks.rb:102:in `block in create_current' /usr/local/rvm/gems/ruby-2.1.3/gems/activerecord-4.1.4/lib/active_record/tasks/database_tasks.rb:209:in `block in each_current_configuration' /usr/local/rvm/gems/ruby-2.1.3/gems/activerecord-4.1.4/lib/active_record/tasks/database_tasks.rb:208:in `each' /usr/local/rvm/gems/ruby-2.1.3/gems/activerecord-4.1.4/lib/active_record/tasks/database_tasks.rb:208:in `each_current_configuration' /usr/local/rvm/gems/ruby-2.1.3/gems/activerecord-4.1.4/lib/active_record/tasks/database_tasks.rb:101:in `create_current' /usr/local/rvm/gems/ruby-2.1.3/gems/activerecord-4.1.4/lib/active_record/railties/databases.rake:17:in `block (2 levels) in ' /usr/local/rvm/gems/ruby-2.1.3/gems/rake-10.3.2/lib/rake/task.rb:240:in `call' /usr/local/rvm/gems/ruby-2.1.3/gems/rake-10.3.2/lib/rake/task.rb:240:in `block in execute' /usr/local/rvm/gems/ruby-2.1.3/gems/rake-10.3.2/lib/rake/task.rb:235:in `each' /usr/local/rvm/gems/ruby-2.1.3/gems/rake-10.3.2/lib/rake/task.rb:235:in `execute' /usr/local/rvm/gems/ruby-2.1.3/gems/rake-10.3.2/lib/rake/task.rb:179:in `block in invoke_with_call_chain' /usr/local/rvm/rubies/ruby-2.1.3/lib/ruby/2.1.0/monitor.rb:211:in `mon_synchronize' /usr/local/rvm/gems/ruby-2.1.3/gems/rake-10.3.2/lib/rake/task.rb:172:in `invoke_with_call_chain' /usr/local/rvm/gems/ruby-2.1.3/gems/rake-10.3.2/lib/rake/task.rb:165:in `invoke' /usr/local/rvm/gems/ruby-2.1.3/gems/rake-10.3.2/lib/rake/application.rb:150:in `invoke_task' /usr/local/rvm/gems/ruby-2.1.3/gems/rake-10.3.2/lib/rake/application.rb:106:in `block (2 levels) in top_level' /usr/local/rvm/gems/ruby-2.1.3/gems/rake-10.3.2/lib/rake/application.rb:106:in `each' /usr/local/rvm/gems/ruby-2.1.3/gems/rake-10.3.2/lib/rake/application.rb:106:in `block in top_level' /usr/local/rvm/gems/ruby-2.1.3/gems/rake-10.3.2/lib/rake/application.rb:115:in `run_with_threads' /usr/local/rvm/gems/ruby-2.1.3/gems/rake-10.3.2/lib/rake/application.rb:100:in `top_level' /usr/local/rvm/gems/ruby-2.1.3/gems/rake-10.3.2/lib/rake/application.rb:78:in `block in run' /usr/local/rvm/gems/ruby-2.1.3/gems/rake-10.3.2/lib/rake/application.rb:176:in `standard_exception_handling' /usr/local/rvm/gems/ruby-2.1.3/gems/rake-10.3.2/lib/rake/application.rb:75:in `run' /usr/local/rvm/gems/ruby-2.1.3/gems/rake-10.3.2/bin/rake:33:in `' /usr/local/rvm/gems/ruby-2.1.3/bin/rake:23:in `load' /usr/local/rvm/gems/ruby-2.1.3/bin/rake:23:in `' /usr/local/rvm/gems/ruby-2.1.3/bin/ruby_executable_hooks:15:in `eval' /usr/local/rvm/gems/ruby-2.1.3/bin/ruby_executable_hooks:15:in `' Couldn't create database for {"adapter"=>"postgresql", "encoding"=>"unicode", "pool"=>5, "database"=>"timonin_test"} 

database.yml的

 # PostgreSQL. Versions 8.2 and up are supported. # # Install the pg driver: # gem install pg # On OS X with Homebrew: # gem install pg -- --with-pg-config=/usr/local/bin/pg_config # On OS X with MacPorts: # gem install pg -- --with-pg-config=/opt/local/lib/postgresql84/bin/pg_config # On Windows: # gem install pg # Choose the win32 build. # Install PostgreSQL and put its /bin directory on your path. # # Configure Using Gemfile # gem 'pg' # default: &default adapter: postgresql encoding: unicode # For details on connection pooling, see rails configuration guide # http://guides.rubyonrails.org/configuring.html#database-pooling pool: 5 development: <<: *default database: timonin_development # The specified database role being used to connect to postgres. # To create additional roles in postgres see `$ createuser --help`. # When left blank, postgres will use the default role. This is # the same name as the operating system user that initialized the database. #username: timonin # The password associated with the postgres role (username). #password: # Connect on a TCP socket. Omitted by default since the client uses a # domain socket that doesn't need configuration. Windows does not have # domain sockets, so uncomment these lines. #host: localhost # The TCP port the server listens on. Defaults to 5432. # If your server runs on a different port number, change accordingly. #port: 5432 # Schema search path. The server defaults to $user,public #schema_search_path: myapp,sharedapp,public # Minimum log levels, in increasing order: # debug5, debug4, debug3, debug2, debug1, # log, notice, warning, error, fatal, and panic # Defaults to warning. #min_messages: notice # Warning: The database defined as "test" will be erased and # re-generated from your development database when you run "rake". # Do not set this db to the same as development or production. test: <<: *default database: timonin_test # As with config/secrets.yml, you never want to store sensitive information, # like your database password, in your source code. If your source code is # ever seen by anyone, they now have access to your database. # # Instead, provide the password as a unix environment variable when you boot # the app. Read http://guides.rubyonrails.org/configuring.html#configuring-a-database # for a full rundown on how to provide these environment variables in a # production deployment. # # On Heroku and other platform providers, you may have a full connection URL # available as an environment variable. For example: # # DATABASE_URL="postgres://myuser:mypass@localhost/somedatabase" # # You can use this database configuration with: # # production: # url:  # production: <<: *default database: timonin_production username: timonin password:  

Answer 1

您可以使用显式（ my操作系统用户名）或隐式（ timonin即在database.yml角色）登录连接到Postgres服务器。

正如我所看到的，您的database.yml具有username语句，但仅适用于生产环境。 在没有指定Rails环境的情况下运行rake测试将默认在开发环境中运行它们。 这就是为什么你有像FATAL: role "my" does not exist这样的错误FATAL: role "my" does not exist 。

因此，根据您的需求，您必须将这些语句添加到所有数据库的防御（ test和development ）：

  username: timonin password: <%= ENV['TIMONIN_DATABASE_PASSWORD'] %> 

之后，您的Rails应用程序将作为timonin用户连接。

完整清单如下：

• 创造角色

这是PostgreSQL的SQL：

 CREATE ROLE timonin LOGIN PASSWORD 'Pas$_sword' NOINHERIT CREATEDB VALID UNTIL 'infinity'; COMMENT ON ROLE timonin IS 'Timonin database role for Rails app'; 

• 取消注释或添加语句 username: timonin和password: <%= ENV['TIMONIN_DATABASE_PASSWORD'] %>到您的database.yml文件
• 使用TIMONIN_DATABASE_PASSWORD变量运行所有操作：

这里改变了rake命令：

 rake db:create TIMONIN_DATABASE_PASSWORD='Pas$_sword' 

要么：

 rake db:create TIMONIN_DATABASE_PASSWORD='Pas$_sword' RAILS_ENV=test 

用于测试环境。

Answer 2

在我的Ruby on Rails安装中使用Ubuntu 14.04 LTS时遇到了同样的问题。 问题是我没有为我的postgres数据库创建一个用户，所以我做了以下工作。

＃1以默认用户身份登录
$ sudo su postgres

＃2登录postgres交互式终端
PSQL

或者，您可以将步骤＃1和＃2组合如下：
$ sudo su postgres psql

＃3查看postgres互动终端中的角色列表
postgres =＃\ du

＃4在postgres数据库中创建角色
postgres =＃创建用户密码”;

＃5让刚刚创建超级用户的用户
postgres =＃alter user with superuser;

＃6从postgres控制台退出
postgres =＃\ q