未定义方法’访问’＃（NoMethodError）
当我尝试运行rspec测试时，我收到以下错误：
/srv/offerme/spec/requests/static_pages_spec.rb:13: undefined method `visit' for # (NoMethodError) from /var/lib/gems/1.8/gems/rspec-core-2.11.1/lib/rspec/core/example_group.rb:238:in `module_eval' from /var/lib/gems/1.8/gems/rspec-core-2.11.1/lib/rspec/core/example_group.rb:238:in `subclass' from /var/lib/gems/1.8/gems/rspec-core-2.11.1/lib/rspec/core/example_group.rb:224:in `describe' from /srv/offerme/spec/requests/static_pages_spec.rb:12 from /var/lib/gems/1.8/gems/rspec-core-2.11.1/lib/rspec/core/example_group.rb:238:in `module_eval' from /var/lib/gems/1.8/gems/rspec-core-2.11.1/lib/rspec/core/example_group.rb:238:in `subclass' from /var/lib/gems/1.8/gems/rspec-core-2.11.1/lib/rspec/core/example_group.rb:224:in `describe' from /var/lib/gems/1.8/gems/rspec-core-2.11.1/lib/rspec/core/dsl.rb:18:in `describe' from /srv/offerme/spec/requests/static_pages_spec.rb:3 from /var/lib/gems/1.8/gems/rspec-core-2.11.1/lib/rspec/core/configuration.rb:780:in `load' from /var/lib/gems/1.8/gems/rspec-core-2.11.1/lib/rspec/core/configuration.rb:780:in `load_spec_files' from /var/lib/gems/1.8/gems/rspec-core-2.11.1/lib/rspec/core/configuration.rb:780:in `map' from /var/lib/gems/1.8/gems/rspec-core-2.11.1/lib/rspec/core/configuration.rb:780:in `load_spec_files' from /var/lib/gems/1.8/gems/rspec-core-2.11.1/lib/rspec/core/command_line.rb:22:in `run' from /var/lib/gems/1.8/gems/rspec-core-2.11.1/lib/rspec/core/runner.rb:69:in `run' from /var/lib/gems/1.8/gems/rspec-core-2.11.1/lib/rspec/core/runner.rb:8:in `autorun' from /usr/local/bin/rspec:19 我收到此错误的文件如下所示（spec / requests / static_pages_spec.rb）：
require 'spec_helper' describe "StaticPages" do include Capybara::DSL describe "GET /static_pages" do it "works! (now write some real specs)" do # Run the generator again with the --webrat flag if you want to use webrat methods/matchers get static_pages_index_path response.status.should be(200) end end describe "Home page" do visit 'static_pages/home' page.should have_content('OfferMe') end end
我的spec_helper.rb文件如下所示：
# This file is copied to spec/ when you run 'rails generate rspec:install' ENV["RAILS_ENV"] ||= 'test' require File.expand_path("../../config/environment", __FILE__) require 'rspec/rails' require 'rspec/autorun' require 'capybara/rspec' # Requires supporting ruby files with custom matchers and macros, etc, # in spec/support/ and its subdirectories. Dir[Rails.root.join("spec/support/**/*.rb")].each {|f| require f} RSpec.configure do |config| # ## Mock Framework # # If you prefer to use mocha, flexmock or RR, uncomment the appropriate line: # # config.mock_with :mocha # config.mock_with :flexmock # config.mock_with :rr # Remove this line if you're not using ActiveRecord or ActiveRecord fixtures config.fixture_path = "#{::Rails.root}/spec/fixtures" # If you're not using ActiveRecord, or you'd prefer not to run each of your # examples within a transaction, remove the following line or assign false # instead of true. config.use_transactional_fixtures = true # If true, the base class of anonymous controllers will be inferred # automatically. This will be the default behavior in future versions of # rspec-rails. config.infer_base_class_for_anonymous_controllers = false # Run specs in random order to surface order dependencies. If you find an # order dependency and want to debug it, you can fix the order by providing # the seed, which is printed after each run. # --seed 1234 config.order = "random" config.include Capybara::DSL end module ::RSpec::Core class ExampleGroup include Capybara::DSL include Capybara::RSpecMatchers end end
最后，我的Gemfile看起来像这样：
source 'https://rubygems.org' gem 'rails', '3.2.7' # Bundle edge Rails instead: # gem 'rails', :git => 'git://github.com/rails/rails.git' group :development, :test do gem 'sqlite3' gem 'rspec-rails' end group :test do gem 'capybara' end gem 'json' # Gems used only for assets and not required # in production environments by default. group :assets do gem 'sass-rails', '~> 3.2.4' gem 'coffee-rails', '~> 3.2.2' # See https://github.com/sstephenson/execjs#readme for more supported runtimes # gem 'therubyracer', :platforms => :ruby gem 'uglifier', '>= 1.0.3' gem 'twitter-bootstrap-rails' end gem 'jquery-rails' # To use ActiveModel has_secure_password # gem 'bcrypt-ruby', '~> 3.0.0' # To use Jbuilder templates for JSON # gem 'jbuilder' # Use unicorn as the app server # gem 'unicorn' # Deploy with Capistrano # gem 'capistrano' # To use debugger # gem 'ruby-debug' gem 'therubyracer', '0.10.1' gem 'libv8' gem 'webrat'
我已经看到了这个GitHub 问题 ，并尝试了一些解决方法，并查看了与类似问题相关的其他一些StackOverflow问题（这就是为什么有些代码看起来多余/ hacky）。 但是，他们都没有工作。 请帮忙！
更新：
问题是你在一个块之外调用visit ，这里：
describe "Home page" do visit 'static_pages/home' page.should have_content('OfferMe') end
将那些中间行包裹在一个块中：
describe "Home page" do it "has a homepage" do visit 'static_pages/home' page.should have_content('OfferMe') end end
这应该工作。
原始答案：
我可能是错的，但我相信你必须在你的Gemfile的测试和开发部分包括capybara。
尝试将Gemfile的该部分更改为：
group :development, :test do gem 'sqlite3' gem 'rspec-rails' gem 'capybara' end
这是一个老post。 我遇到了同样的问题。 我以为我分享了我的解决方案。 在我的Gemfile中，我有
group :test do gem 'capybara' end
visit是在正确的位置，但我得到了相同的错误。 所以这就是我做的。 我在Gem上运行了更新，现在一切都很好。
bundle update capybara
希望这有助于某人。