由于缺少原生扩展，Nokogiri安装错误
我一直在尝试根据这些说明安装Ruby on Rails。 但是，运行gem install rails -v 4.2.4时出现以下错误：
Fetching: rack-1.6.4.gem (100%) Successfully installed rack-1.6.4 Building native extensions. This could take a while... ERROR: Error installing rails: ERROR: Failed to build gem native extension. /home/falak/.rvm/rubies/ruby-2.2.3/bin/ruby -r ./siteconf20150909-22683-172bl7d.rb extconf.rb checking if the C compiler accepts ... *** extconf.rb failed *** Could not create Makefile due to some reason, probably lack of necessary libraries and/or headers. Check the mkmf.log file for more details. You may need configuration options. Provided configuration options: --with-opt-dir --without-opt-dir --with-opt-include --without-opt-include=${opt-dir}/include --with-opt-lib --without-opt-lib=${opt-dir}/lib --with-make-prog --without-make-prog --srcdir=. --curdir --ruby=/home/falak/.rvm/rubies/ruby-2.2.3/bin/$(RUBY_BASE_NAME) --help --clean /home/falak/.rvm/rubies/ruby-2.2.3/lib/ruby/2.2.0/mkmf.rb:456:in `try_do': The compiler failed to generate an executable file. (RuntimeError) You have to install development tools first. from /home/falak/.rvm/rubies/ruby-2.2.3/lib/ruby/2.2.0/mkmf.rb:571:in `block in try_compile' from /home/falak/.rvm/rubies/ruby-2.2.3/lib/ruby/2.2.0/mkmf.rb:522:in `with_werror' from /home/falak/.rvm/rubies/ruby-2.2.3/lib/ruby/2.2.0/mkmf.rb:571:in `try_compile' from extconf.rb:80:in `nokogiri_try_compile' from extconf.rb:87:in `block in add_cflags' from /home/falak/.rvm/rubies/ruby-2.2.3/lib/ruby/2.2.0/mkmf.rb:619:in `with_cflags' from extconf.rb:86:in `add_cflags' from extconf.rb:337:in `' extconf failed, exit code 1 Gem files will remain installed in /home/falak/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.2.3/gems/nokogiri-1.6.6.2 for inspection. Results logged to /home/falak/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.2.3/extensions/x86_64-linux/2.2.0/nokogiri-1.6.6.2/gem_make.out
我尝试通过运行gem install nokogiri -v 1.6.2.1 -- --use-system-libraries使用系统库gem install nokogiri -v 1.6.2.1 -- --use-system-libraries ，但是我收到以下错误：
Building native extensions with: '--use-system-libraries' This could take a while... Building nokogiri using system libraries. ERROR: Error installing nokogiri: ERROR: Failed to build gem native extension. /home/falak/.rvm/rubies/ruby-2.2.3/bin/ruby -r ./siteconf20150909-23169-twqmu6.rb extconf.rb --use-system-libraries Building nokogiri using system libraries. *** extconf.rb failed *** Could not create Makefile due to some reason, probably lack of necessary libraries and/or headers. Check the mkmf.log file for more details. You may need configuration options. Provided configuration options: --with-opt-dir --without-opt-dir --with-opt-include --without-opt-include=${opt-dir}/include --with-opt-lib --without-opt-lib=${opt-dir}/lib --with-make-prog --without-make-prog --srcdir=. --curdir --ruby=/home/falak/.rvm/rubies/ruby-2.2.3/bin/$(RUBY_BASE_NAME) --help --clean --use-system-libraries --with-zlib-dir --without-zlib-dir --with-zlib-include --without-zlib-include=${zlib-dir}/include --with-zlib-lib --without-zlib-lib=${zlib-dir}/lib --with-xml2-dir --without-xml2-dir --with-xml2-include --without-xml2-include=${xml2-dir}/include --with-xml2-lib --without-xml2-lib=${xml2-dir}/lib --with-libxml-2.0-config --without-libxml-2.0-config --with-pkg-config --without-pkg-config /home/falak/.rvm/rubies/ruby-2.2.3/lib/ruby/2.2.0/mkmf.rb:456:in `try_do': The compiler failed to generate an executable file. (RuntimeError) You have to install development tools first. from /home/falak/.rvm/rubies/ruby-2.2.3/lib/ruby/2.2.0/mkmf.rb:541:in `try_link0' from /home/falak/.rvm/rubies/ruby-2.2.3/lib/ruby/2.2.0/mkmf.rb:556:in `try_link' from /home/falak/.rvm/rubies/ruby-2.2.3/lib/ruby/2.2.0/mkmf.rb:637:in `try_ldflags' from /home/falak/.rvm/rubies/ruby-2.2.3/lib/ruby/2.2.0/mkmf.rb:1780:in `pkg_config' from extconf.rb:338:in `' extconf failed, exit code 1 Gem files will remain installed in /home/falak/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.2.3/gems/nokogiri-1.6.2.1 for inspection. Results logged to /home/falak/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.2.3/extensions/x86_64-linux/2.2.0/nokogiri-1.6.2.1/gem_make.out
尝试安装libgmp-dev库
apt-get install libgmp-dev
使用RVM在ruby 2.2.3中安装rails也是其他用户的主要问题。 现在，你仍然可以在ruby 2.2.2中获得rails 4.2.4。 尝试：
rvm install 2.2.2 rvm --default use 2.2.2 gem install rails
这应该仍然有效。 RVM由于某种原因没有在2.2.3中安装正确的标头来构建gem。
对于OS X用户：记得更新Xcode命令行开发人员工具，这是99％OS X用户的问题。 xcode-select --install
您可以尝试这个惊人的解决方案
解决方案是：
sudo apt-get install ruby-dev
或者，如果这不起作用，根据您的ruby版本，运行如下：
sudo apt-get install ruby1.9.1-dev
应该解决你的问题。
还是行不通？ 安装ruby-dev后尝试以下操作：
sudo apt-get install make
此解决方案适用于nokogiri错误：
sudo apt-get install ruby-dev
正如错误所示，检查mkmf.log文件。 在那里你会找到丢失的头文件。
在我的情况下，我错过了zlib.h. 错误是：
找不到#include文件“zlib.h”
所以解决它：
sudo apt-get install zlib1g-dev
要查找所需的开发包，可以使用apt-file
$ apt-file search zlib.h zlib1g-dev: /usr/include/zlib.h